Halil İbrahim TOPAL, Başak BAYRAM, Kemal BAYRAM, Beytullah ERDOĞAN, Mehmet KOPAÇ

Kömür Yakıtlı Süper Kritik Termik Santralin Enerji ve Ekserji Analizi

Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarıyla elektrik üretimi üzerine araştırmalar hızlı bir şekilde ilerlese de fosil yakıtlarla elektrik üretiminin hem dünyada hem Türkiye’de uzun bir süre daha sürmesi beklenmektedir. Hem çevrede oluşturduğu zararlı etkiler hem de tükenme riskinin yüksek olması, fosil yakıtların termik santrallerde verimli bir şekilde tüketilmesini zorunluluk haline getirmiştir. Fosil yakıtın bir türü olan kömür, elektrik üretmek amacıyla termik santrallerde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kömür yakıtlı termik santrallerde kullanılan kazan, süper kritik bir kazan seçildiğinde santral verimi artırılabilir. Bu çalışmada Zonguldak ilinde bulunan Eren Enerji’ye ait kömür yakıtlı süper kritik termik santralin termodinamik performansı, enerji ve ekserji analiz metotlarıyla incelenmiştir. Santralde bulunan her bir elemana ait enerji kayıpları ve tersinmezlikler hesaplanmıştır. Enerji analizi, kömürün kimyasal enerjisinin %48.5’inin kondenserde soğutma suyuna aktarıldığını; ekserji analizi ise kömürün kimyasal ekserjisinin %49.2’sinin kazanda yok edildiğini göstermiştir. Santralin enerji verimi %33.65, ekserji verimi ise %31.42 olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Süper kritik santral, Enerji, Ekserji, Tersinmezlik

Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Coal-Fired Supercritical Power Plant

Although research on electricity generation with renewable energy sources is progressing rapidly, it is expected that electricity generation with fossil fuels will continue for a long time both in the world and in Turkey. Fossil fuels should consume more efficiently in thermal power plants because of their harmful effects on the environment and the high risk of depletion. Coal is one type of fossil fuels and is widely used as an energy source to generate electricity in thermal power plants. The power plant efficiency can be increased when the boiler used in coal-fired thermal power plant is selected as a supercritical boiler. In this study, the thermodynamic performance of a coal-fired supercritical thermal power plant located in Zonguldak province and owned by Eren Energy was investigated by energy and exergy analysis methods. The energy losses and irreversibilities of each component in the power plant was calculated. The energy analysis demonstrated that 48.5% of the chemical energy of the coal was transferred to the cooling water in the condenser, the exergy analysis demonstrated that 49.2% of the chemical exergy of the coal was destroyed in the boiler. The energy efficiency of the power plant was calculated as 33.65% and the exergy efficiency as 31.42%.

Keywords:

Supercritical power plant, Energy, Exergy, Irreversibilty,

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