UCLA Yalnızlık ölçeği kısa formunun ergenler için Türkçe’ye uyarlanması

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği Kısa Formu'nu (ULS-8) ergenler için Türkçe'ye uyarlayarak geçerlik ve güvenirliğini araştırmaktır.Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini yaşları 14 ile 19 arasında değişen toplam 293 ergen oluşturmuştur. Katılımcıların 110'u (%37.5) erkek, 183'ü (%62.5) kadındı ve yaş ortalamaları 15.85 olarak bulundu. UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği Kısa Formu'nun (UYÖ-KF) yapı geçerliği için açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi kullanılmıştır. Ölçüt bağıntılı geçerliği için Genel Aidiyet Ölçeği ve Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirliği için birleşik güvenirlik, ortalama açıklanan varyans, iç tutarlık katsayısı ve test tekrar test güvenirliği hesaplanmıştır.Bulgular: Faktör analizi sonuçları ölçeğin tek boyutlu olduğunu göstermiştir. UYÖ-KF'nin faktör yük değerleri 0.31 ile 0.71 arasında bulunmuştur. UYÖ-KF'nin, bütün uyum indekslerinin iyi düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçüt bağıntılı geçerliliği için 80 öğrenci üzerinde yapılan analizlerde yalnızlık ile genel aidiyet ve (r=-0.71) ve yalnızlık ile yaşam doyumu (r=-0.42) arasında, anlamlı düzeyde ilişki bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin Cronbach alfa iç tutarlık katsayısı ?=0.74 olarak bulunmuştur. UYÖ-KF'nin, 64 lise öğrencisi ile iki hafta ara ile yapılan test-tekrar test güvenirliği r=0.84 olarak bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular, UYÖ-KF'nin, ülkemizdeki ergenlerde kullanmak için geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğunu göstermiştir

Adaptation of the Short-form of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) to Turkish for the Adolescents

Objective: The purpose of this study is to adapt short form of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) to Turkish and investigate the validity and reliability of the scale for Turkish adolescents.Method: The participants in this study were 293 high school students aged between 14 and 19. Among the participants 110 (37.5%) were male, 183 (62.5%) were female and mean age was found to be 15.85 (SS=1.20). Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate the construct validity of the scale. In order to check criterion validity of Turkish version of the ULS-8 scale, the General Belongingness Scale, and the Life Satisfaction Scale were used. For reliability of Turkish version of the ULS-8, average variance extracted (AVE), composit reliability, Cronbach alpha level and test-retest correlation were computed.Results: The factor analysis resulted in one factor. Factor loadings of the items varied between 0.31 and 0.71. All of the fit indices indicated a good-fit model for the ULS-8. Criterion-related validity analysis revealed that there were significant relationships between loneliness and the general belongingness (r=-0.71), life satisfaction (r=-0.42). The results also showed that internal consistency coefficients of the factors were highly satisfactory for whole scale α=0.74. Test-retest reliability scales was found to be (r=0.84, p

PDF

___

1. Asher SR, Paquette JA. Loneliness and peer relations in childhood. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2003; 12:75-78.
2. Perlman D, Peplau LA. Loneliness Research: A Survey of Empirical Findings: In Peplau LA, Goldston SE (editors). Preventing the Harmful Consequences of Severe and Persistent Loneliness. Rockville Maryland: National Institute of Mental Health, 1984, 13-46.
3. Perlman D, Peplau LA. Loneliness: In Friedman H (editor). Encyclopedia of Mental Health. Vol. 2. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1998, 571-581.
4. Chipuer HM. Dyadic attachments and community connectedness: Links with youths’ loneliness experiences. J Community Psychol 2001; 29:429-446.
5. Larson RW. The Uses of Loneliness in Adolescence: In Rotenberg KJ, Hymel S (editors). Loneliness in Childhood and Adolescence. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999, 244-262.
6. Margalit M. Lonely Children and Adolescents Self-Perceptions, Social Exclusion, and Hope. New York: Springer, 2010; 1-24.
7. Krause-Parello CA. Loneliness in the school setting. J Sch Nurs 2008; 24:66-70.
8. Koenig LJ, Issacs AM, Schwartz JAJ. Gender differences in adolescent depression and loneliness: why are boys lonelier if girls are more depressed? J Res Pers 1994; 28:27-43.
9. Lau S, Chan DWK, Lau PS. Facets of loneliness and depression among Chinese children and adolescents. J Soc Psychol 1999; 139:713-729.
10. Erozkan A. The Predictors of Loneliness in Adolescents Elementary Education Online 2009; 8:809-819. (Turkish)
11. Johnson HD, Lavoie JC, Mahoney MA. Interparental conflict and family cohesion: predictors of loneliness, social anxiety, and social avoidance in late adolescents. J Adolesc Res 2001; 16:304- 318.
12. Eskin M. Adolescent loneliness, coping methods and the relationship of loneliness to suicidal behavior. Klinik Psikiyatri 2001; 4:5-11. (Turkish)
13. Mouratidis AA, Sideridis GD. On social achievement goals: their relations with peer acceptance, classroom belongingness, and perceptions of loneliness. The Journal of Experimental Education 2009; 77:285-307.
14. Parker J, Asher S. Friendship and friendship quality in middle childhood: links with peer group acceptance and feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction. Dev Psychol 1993; 29:611- 621.
15. Kochenderfer BJ, Ladd GW. Peer victimization: cause or consequence of school maladjustment. Child Dev 1996; 67:1305- 1317.
16. Storch EA, Brassard MR, Masia-Warner C. The relationship of peer victimization to social anxiety and loneliness in adolescence. Child Study Journal 2003; 33:1-18.
17. Storch EA, Masia-Warner C. The relationship of peer victimization to social anxiety and loneliness in adolescent females. J Adolesc 2004; 27:351-362.
18. Ladd GW, Kochenderfer BJ, Coleman CC. Classroom peer acceptance, friendship, and victimization: distinct relational systems that contribute uniquely to children’s school adjustment? Child Dev 1997; 68:1181-1197.
19. Salmivalli C, Isaacs J. Prospective relations among victimization, rejection, friendlessness, and children’s self- and peer-perceptions. Child Dev 2005; 76:1161-1171.
20. Guloglu B, Karairmak O. Self-esteem and resilience as the predictors of loneliness among university students. Ege Egitim Dergisi 2010; 11:73-88. (Turkish)
21. Civitci N, Civitci A, Fiyakalı NC. Loneliness and life satisfaction in adolescents with divorced and non-divorced parents. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice 2009; 9:513-525. (Turkish)
22. Duru E. The role of social support and social connectedness in predicting loneliness. Turkish Journal of Psychology 2008; 23: 15-24. (Turkish)
23. Demir A. Reliability and validity of UCLA loneliness scale. Turkish Journal of Psychology 1989; 7:14-18. (Turkish)
24. Hays RD, DiMatteo MR. A short-form measure of loneliness. J Pers Assess 1987; 51:69-81.
25. Malone GP, Pillow DR, Osman A. The General Belongingness Scale (GBS): assessing achieved belongingness. Pers Individ Dif 2012; 52:311-316.
26. Yildiz MA. Adaptation of the general belongingness scale to Turkish in adolescents: validity and reliability studies. 2013 World Congress of Psychological Counseling & Guidance, Proceeding Book, 2013, 256-258. (Turkish)
27. Koker S. Comparison of the levels of life-satisfaction of normal adolescents and adolescents with problems. Unpublished Master Thesis, the Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, 1991. (Turkish)
28. Brown TA. Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research. New York & London: The Guilford Press, 2006.
29. Hair JrJF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE. Multivariate Data Analysis. Seventh ed., New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2010.
30. Pallant J. SPSS Survival Manual A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS. Fourth ed., Australia: Allen & Unwin, 2011.
31. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate Statistics. Fifth ed., New York: Allyn and Bacon, 2007.
32. Tavsancil E. Measuring Attitudes and Data Analysis with SPSS. Third ed. Ankara: Nobel Yayin Dagitim, 2006. (Turkish)
33. Buyukozturk S. Data Analysis Manual for Social Sciences. Ninth ed., Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayincilik, 2008. (Turkish)
34. Seker H, Gencdogan B. Development of Measurement Instrument in Psychology and Education. First ed., Ankara: Nobel Yayin Dagitim, 2006. (Turkish)
35. Hox JJ. Amos, Eqs and Lisrel for Windows: a comparative review. Struct Equ Modeling 1995; 2:79-91.
36. Schumacker RE, Lomax RG. A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. Second ed., Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 2004.
37. Cokluk O, Sekercioglu G, Buyukozturk S. Multivariate Statistics for Social Sciences: SPSS and LISREL Applications. First ed., Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayincilik, 2010. (Turkish)
38. Simsek OF. Introduction to Structural Equation Modelling: Basic Principals and LISREL Applications. First ed., Ankara: Ekinoks Yayinlari 2007. (Turkish)
39. Fornell C, Larcker DF. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J Mark Res 1981; 18:39-50.
40. Wu C-H, Yao G. Psychometric analysis of the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) in Taiwanese undergraduate students. Pers Individ Dif 2008; 44:1762-1771.
41. Zhou L, Li Z, Hu Mi, Xiao S. Reliability and validity of ULS-8 loneliness scale in elderly samples in a rural community. J Cent South Univ (Med Sci) 2012; 37:1124-1128.
42. Jung CG. Psychological Types: In Hull RFC (editor). The Collected Works of Carl G. Jung. Vol. 6. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1971.
43. Mellor D, Stokes M, Firth L, Hayash Y, Cummins, R. Need for belonging, relationship satisfaction, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Pers Individ Dif 2008; 45:213-218.
44. Kapikiran S, Yagci U. Loneliness and life satisfaction of adolescents: the mediator and moderator role of playing musical instruments and joining a band. Elementary Education Online 2012; 11:738-747. (Turkish)