MICHAEL SANDEL’İN PİYASA TOPLUMU ELEŞTİRİSİ VE İKTİSADİ ADALET ARAYIŞI

Modern kapitalizmi içselleştiren toplumlarda aşırı servet birikimi ve zenginleşmenin görüldüğü bir gerçektir. Diğer yandan bu süreç toplumsal alanda kapanmaz uçurumlar meydana getirir. Modern kapitalizm ekonomik büyümeyi teşvik ederken insanın özne konumunda büyük yaralar açar. Zenginleşme uğruna insanın bir meta gibi görülüp araçsallaştırılması bireysel ve toplumsal açıdan psiko-patolojik sorunlar yumağını ortaya çıkarır. Bu durum sosyo-kültürel alanda baskı ve tahribata yol açar. Ekonomik ve politik sistem nüfuzunu geniş ölçüde arttırır. Böyle bir ortamda Batılı birey derin bir anlam kaybına maruz kalır. Micheal Sandel, bu olumsuz özellikleri kapsayan günümüz kapitalist toplumunu “piyasa toplumu” olarak tanımlar. Bu çalışmada Sandel’in piyasa toplumunu eleştirerek iktisadi adalete ulaşma çabası araştırılacaktır. Batı dünyasında büyük üne kavuşan Harvardlı profesörün özellikle iktisadi adalete dair görüşleri hakkında akademik camiamızda yapılan çalışma sayısı çok azdır. Sandel’in yaklaşımı, serbest piyasa sisteminin bugün geldiği son noktayı vurgulaması açısından önemlidir. Araştırmalara göre Sandel piyasa toplumunda, insan da dahil olmak üzere her değerin metalaştığını ifade eder. O, ekonomi ve ahlak arasındaki derin ayrılığa dikkat çeker. Onun iktisadi adalete dair görüşlerinin aktarılması nihayetinde kendi toplumumuz açısından dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar içerir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

sandel, iktisadi adalet, piyasa toplumu, Metalaşma, Kapitalizm

MICHAEL SANDEL'S CRITICISM OF THE MARKET SOCIETY AND THE SEARCH FOR ECONOMIC JUSTICE

It is a fact that excessive accumulation of wealth and enrichment are seen in societies that have internalized modern capitalism. But this process creates irreversible gaps in the social field. While modern capitalism promotes economic growth, it inflicts great wounds on the human subject position. Regarding the human as a commodity and instrumentalization for the sake of enrichment reveals a tangle of individual and social psycho-pathological problems. This situation causes pressure and destruction in the socio-cultural field. The Western individual suffers a deep loss of meaning. Sandel defines today's capitalist society, which includes these negative features, as "market society". In this study, Sandel's effort to achieve economic justice by criticizing the market society will be investigated. There are very few studies in our academic community about Sandel, who has gained a great reputation in the Western world, especially on economic justice. Sandel's approach is important in terms of emphasizing the last point the free market system has reached today. Sandel means that every value, including human, is commodified in the market society. He points out the profound separation between economy and morality. The transfer of his views on economic justice ultimately includes issues that should be considered in terms of our own society.

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