Özlem Ece YÜREK, DERYA BİRANT, İsmai̇l YÜREK

Makine Öğrenmesi Algoritmalarını Kullanarak Rüzgar Enerjisi Üretimi Tahmini

Yenilenebilir enerji dünyada giderek popüler hale gelmektedir, çünkü güneş, jeotermal, rüzgar enerjisi gibi yenilenebilir kaynaklar temiz, tükenmez ve doğal kaynaklardır. Rüzgar enerjisi, yenilenebilir enerjinin en önemli kaynaklarından biridir ve elektrik üretiminde kilit rol oynamaktadır. Bu nedenle, rüzgar enerjisi üretiminin doğru tahmin edilmesi enerji ticareti, planlama, zamanlama kararları ve rüzgar enerjisi üretim stratejilerini dengeleme zorluklarıyla başa çıkmada çok önemlidir. Bu çalışma, tarihsel rüzgar enerjisi üretim verileri ve hava durumu tahmin raporlarını kullanarak yenilenebilir enerji sektöründeki gerçek yaşam sorununu, önümüzdeki 24 saat için saat başına rüzgar enerjisi üretim miktarını makine öğrenmesi (ML) teknikleri ile doğru bir şekilde tahmin edebilmek için bir model önermektedir. Önerilen yaklaşımda; ilk olarak, veri setini anlamlı kümeler halinde gruplamak için denetimsiz bir ML yöntemi (K-Means kümeleme algoritması) uygulanır; daha sonra, bu kümeler yeni öznitelik değerleri olarak kabul edilir ve veri setini büyütmek için eklenir; son olarak, tahmin için denetimli bir ML yöntemi (regresyon) gerçekleştirilir. Bu çalışma dokuz denetimli öğrenme algoritmasını karşılaştırmaktadır: K-En Yakın Komşu, Destek Vektör Regresyonu, Rastgele Orman, Ekstra Ağaçlar, Gradyan Artırma, Ridge Regresyon, En Küçük Mutlak Daralma ve Seçme Operatörü, Karar Ağacı, ve Konvolüsyonel Sinir Ağı. Bu çalışmanın amacı, rüzgar türbinlerinin gerçek dünya verileri üzerindeki farklı ML algoritmalarının başarısını araştırmak ve rüzgar enerjisi üretimi tahmini için en doğru nihai modeli seçmek üzere çeşitli makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarını karşılaştırmak için bir metodoloji önermektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Makine öğrenmesi, Rüzgar enerjisi üretimi tahmini, Rüzgar enerjisi tahmini, Yenilenebilir enerji

Wind Power Generation Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Renewable energy becomes progressively popular in the world because renewable resources such as solar, geothermal, wind energy are clean, inexhaustible and come from natural sources. Wind energy is one of the most significant resources of renewable energy and it plays a key role in the generation of electricity. Thus, accurate wind power estimation is crucial to deal with the challenges to balance energy trading, planning, scheduling decisions and strategies of wind power generation. This study proposes a prediction model to solve a real-life problem in the renewable energy sector by accurately estimating the amount of wind energy production per hour in the next 24 hours by applying machine learning (ML) techniques using historical wind power generation data and weather forecasting reports. In the proposed approach, first, an unsupervised ML method (i.e., the K-Means clustering algorithm) is applied to group data into meaningful clusters; then, these clusters are accepted as new feature values and added to the dataset to enlarge it; finally, a supervised ML method (i.e., regression) is performed for prediction. This study compares nine supervised learning algorithms: K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Regression, Random Forest, Extra Trees, Gradient Boosting, Ridge Regression, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, Decision Tree, and Convolutional Neural Network. The aim of this study is to investigate the success of different ML algorithms on real-world data of wind turbines and propose a methodology to benchmark various machine learning algorithms to choose the most accurate final model for wind power generation prediction.

Keywords:

Machine learning, Wind power generation prediction, Wind power forecasting, Renewable energy,

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