Atık Kızartma Yağı Biyodizeliyle Çalışan Direkt Enjeksiyonlu Bir Dizel Motorun Yanma Performans ve Emisyon Özellikleri

Bu çalışmada %50 atık kızartma yağı biyodizeli - %50 dizel yakıt karışımı (B50) ve saf atık kızartma yağı biyodizeli (B100) ile çalışan direkt enjeksiyonlu bir dizel motorda yanma, motor performansı ve egzoz emisyonları deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Deney motoru 1750 – 3000 d/d motor devri aralığında çalıştırılmıştır. Ayrıca maksimum tork devri olan 2200 d/d motor hızında 3,75, 7,5, 11,25 ve 15 Nm motor yüklerinde çalıştırılmıştır. Silindir içi basınç, ısı dağılımı, yanma süresi, motor momenti ve özgül yakıt tüketimi gibi yanma ve motor performans parametrelerinin değişimleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca egzoz emisyonları da karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Karışım ve saf biyodizel yakıtı kullanımında tüm motor yüklerinde silindir içi basınç artış göstermiştir. Maksimum motor momentinin elde edildiği motor devrinde dizel yakıtına göre B50 ve B100 yakıtı kullanımında motor momenti sırası ile % 1,63 ve % 3,25 azalmıştır. Aynı deney şartları altında özgül yakıt tüketimi ise sırası ile % 7,63 ve %15,39 kötüleşmiştir. Biyodizel yakıtların kullanımında oksijen içeriği nedeniyle yanma süresi kısalmıştır. Tam yük şartları altında B50 ve B100 yakıtları kullanımında sırası ile CO emisyonları % 24,4 ve % 39,37 oranında azalmıştır. Aynı şartlarda NOx emisyonları % 29,4 ve % 50,45 kötüleşmiştir. Oksijen içeriği B50 ve B100 yakıtlarının is emisyonlarını sırası ile % 58,8 ve % 69,25 oranında iyileştirmiştir. Sonuç olarak B50 yakıtı dizel motor üzerinde herhangi bir değişiklik yapılmaksızın kolayca kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Atık Kızartma Yağı, Biyodizel, Motor Performansı, Egzoz Emisyonları

Combustion Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fueled with Waste Frying Oil Biodiesel

In the current study, combustion, engine performance and exhaust emissions of a direct injection diesel engine fuelled with the blends of 50% waste frying oil biodiesel - 50% diesel fuel and nate waste frying oil biodiesel were investigated experimentally. Test engine was opareted between 1750 – 3000 rpm engine speed range. Also the test engine was run at 2200 rpm and 3.75, 7.5, 11.25 and 15 Nm engine loads. The variations of in-cylinder pressure, heat release, combustion duration, engine torque and specific fuel consumption were observed. In addition, exhaust emissions were also examined comparatively. While using the blended and nate biodiesel fuels, the in-cylinder pressure increased for all engine loads. At the engine speed where maximum engine torque is obtained, engine torque decreased by 1.63 % and 3.25 %, respectively, when using B50 and B100 fuel compared to diesel fuel. Under the same test conditions, specific fuel consumption worsened by 7.63 % and 15.39 % respectively. While using the biodiesel fuels, combustion duration shortened because of the oxygen content. Under full load conditions, CO emissions were reduced by 24.4 % and 39.37 % respectively when using B50 and B100 fuels. Under the same conditions, NOx emissions worsened by 29.4 % and 50.45 %. Oxygen content reduced the soot emissions of B50 and B100 fuels by 58.8 % and 69.25 % respectively. As a result, B50 could be easily used without engine modifications in diesel engine.

Keywords:

Waste Frying Oil, Biodiesel, Engine Performance, Exhaust Emissions,

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