ULUSLARARASI SAĞLIK TÜZÜĞÜ (2005) VE HUKUKÎ NİTELİĞİ

Uluslararası sağlık meselelerinde yönlendirici ve eşgüdümü sağlayıcı otorite olarak tasarlanan Dünya Sağlık Örgütüne (DSÖ), Anayasasıyla, sağlıkla ilgili standartların belirlenmesi için normatif işlevler verilmiştir. 7 Nisan 1948 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren DSÖ Anayasası, Dünya Sağlık Asamblesini normatif belgelerin kabulü konusunda yetkilendirmektedir. Bu amaçla DSÖ Anayasası m. 19-23te üç tür hukukî enstrüman öngörülmüş olup, bunlar, sözleşmeler ve anlaşmalar, tüzükler ve tavsiyelerdir. Asamble, DSÖ Anayasası m. 21 çerçevesinde, hastalıkların uluslararası alanda yayılmasının önlenmesi amacıyla tüzüklerin kabulü yetkisini haizdir. DSÖ Anayasası m. 22ye göre Asamble tarafından kabul edilen tüzükler üye devletler için opting-out usulü çerçevesinde bağlayıcı hâle gelmektedir. Bu çalışma, Asamble tarafından 2005 yılında kabul edilen Uluslararası Sağlık Tüzüğüne ve onun hukukî niteliğinin incelenmesine odaklanmaktadır. Bu nedenle ilk önce, Uluslararası Sağlık Tüzüğünün (2005) kabulü süreci ve içeriği ana hatlarıyla açıklanmakta, ikinci olarak opting-out sistemi ve Uluslararası Sağlık Tüzüğünün hukukî niteliği konusunda doktrindeki farklı görüşler üzerinde durulmaktadır. Nihayetinde hem DSÖ Anayasasının hem de Uluslararası Sağlık Tüzüğünün ilgili hükümleri dikkate alınarak Uluslararası Sağlık Tüzüğünün hukukî niteliği hakkında değerlendirmelerimize yer verilmektedir.

THE INTERNATIONAL HEALTH REGULATIONS (2005) AND THEIR LEGAL NATURE

The World Health Organization (WHO) which was conceived as the directing and coordinating authority on international health matters has been endowed with normative functions to set health-related standards by its Constitution. Constitution of the WHO entered into force on 7 April 1948 empowers the World Health Assembly to adopt normative instruments. To this end, Articles 19-23 of the WHO Constitution provides for three types of legal instruments, namely conventions and agreements, regulations and recommendations. The Assembly has the power to adopt regulations for the purpose of preventing the international spread of diseases under Article 21 of the WHO Constitution. According to Article 22 of the WHO Constitution, regulations adopted by the Assembly become legally binding for member states under the opting-out procedure. This study focuses on International Health Regulations (IHR) adopted by the Assembly in 2005 and examination of their legal nature. Therefore, first of all, the adoption process and content of IHR (2005) are explained in general terms; secondly, opting-out system and divergent views of legal scholars regarding the IHRs legal nature are dwelled on. Finally, our assessments concerning the IHRs legal nature considering related provisions of both WHO Constitution and the IHR are included.

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