TİCARET KANUNLARININ VARSAYIMSAL İNSANI AMERİKAN TİCARET KANUNUNDA REASONABLE MAN İLE TÜRK TİCARET KANUNUNDA BASİRETLİ TACİR

Ticaret Kanunları bir varsayımsal insan baz alınarak hazırlanmaktadır. Ayrıca kanunların yorumunda ve uygulanmasında da söz konusu varsayımsal kişiler kullanılmaktadır. Bu anlamda da ticaret kanunları için hayatiyet teşkil etmekte ve anahtar önemde rol oynamaktadırlar. Söz konusu varsayımsal kişiler ise Amerikan Ticaret Kanununda (UCC) 'reasonable man' veya "reasonable person" olarak, Türk ticaret kanununda ise "basiretli tacir" veya "basiretli iş adamı" olarak ifade edilmektedir. UCC'nin reasonable man'i ile TTK'nın basiretli taciri arasında büyük bir fark bulunmamaktadır. Her iki kanundaki varsayımsal kişiler de somut olayda basiretli tacir veya reasonable man nasıl davranabileceğini belirlemek için bir ölçü olarak kullanılmaktadır. Her iki kanun arasındaki temel farklılık ise UCC'nin taraflara reasonable man standardını belirleme olanağı vermesi ve ayrıca "yaptığı işte tecrübeli ve iştigal ettiği alanda da uzman olan kişiye tacir denir" demek suretiyle karakteristik olarak taciri tanımlamasıdır. Buna karşın TTK'da taraflara basiretli tacir standardını belirleme imkanı veren bir hüküm bulunmamaktadır. Ayrıca tacir kavramı ticari işletme temel alınarak "ticari bir işletmeyi, kısmen de olsa, kendi adına işleten kişiye tacir denir" demek suretiyle tanımlanmıştır.

THE HYPOTETICAL MAN IN THE COMMERCIAL CODES: THE REASONABLE MAN IN THE AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE AND THE PRUDENT MERCHANT IN TURKISH COMMERCIAL CODE

Commercial Codes are regulated based upon a hypothetical person. The implementation and interpretation of codes are also made by using that hypothetical person. In this sense the description this hypothetical person is crucial and has a key position in the commercial codes. The hypothetical person is named as the "reasonable man" or "reasonable person" in American Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) and the "prudent merchant" or "prudent business man" in the Turkish Commercial Code (TTK). There are no big differences between the reasonable man in the UCC and the prudent merchant in the TTK. Both of them are used in order to determine how a reasonable person or a prudent merchant would/should act in the concrete case. The main differences between the two codes are that UCC gives the authority to the party in order to determine the reasonable man standard and also characteristically define merchant concept as: "a merchant is one 'who deals in goods' of the type involved in the contract, or is an expert with respect to the goods involved in the transaction". On the other hand, there is no provision in the Turkish Commercial Code that gives the authority to the parties. According to Turkish law, "merchant is the person who run the business organization partially or completely".

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