İTALYAN MAFYASININ DOĞUŞU, YÜKSELİŞİ VE DÜŞÜŞÜ

İtalyan mafyası tabiri tek bir suç örgütünü değil, birbirlerinden ayrı olan organize suç örgütlerini ifade etmek için kullanılır. İtalyan mafyası yapısı, ritüelleri, hedefleri ve faaliyetlerinin çeşitliliği itibarıyla diğer suç örgütlerinden ayrılır. İtalyan mafyasının Sicilya bölgesinde kök salmasının nedeni, öncelikle devlet aygıtının eksik veya yetersiz kalması ve bu açığı mafyanın doldurmaya çalışmasıdır. Mafya, legal ve illegal piyasalarda varlık gösterdiği gibi politikacılar ile de ilişkiler geliştirmiştir. 1980’li yıllar itibarıyla mafya organizasyonlarının yapısı ve kurallarındaki değişiklikler, ortak paylaşılan kültürel kodların erimesi, Cosa Nostra’nın hafızalardan silinmeyen katliamları, toplumsal değişim ve gerek devlet gerekse toplumsal tabanlı anti-mafya hareketlerinin hız kazanması mafyanın düşüşüne sebep olmuştur. Mafya organizasyonları 1990’lı yıllardan önceki güce ve meşruiyete sahip değillerse de mafya gruplarının varlığı İtalya’nın bir gerçeği olarak göz önünde bulunmaktadır.

THE GENESIS, RISE, AND FALL OF THE ITALIAN MAFIA

The term called “Italian mafia” is not a single criminal organization; it is used to describe organized crime groups that separate from each other. The Italian mafia is distinguished from other criminal organizations by its structures, rituals, objectives, and variety of activities. The reason for the Italian mafia to take root in Sicily is primarily that the state apparatus is incomplete or inadequate and that the mafia attempts to fill this deficit. The mafia, as they existed in legal and illegal markets, has also developed relations with politicians. The changes in the structure and rules of the mafia organizations by 1980s, the fusion of the common cultural codes, the unspoiled massacres of Cosa Nostra, the social change, and the enhancement of the state and social-based anti-mafia movements gave rise to the decline of the mafia. Although Mafia organizations do not have the power and legitimacy of the 1990s, the existence of mafia groups stands as a fact of Italy.

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