AVRUPA KONSEYİ SİSTEMİ İÇİNDE AZINLIKLARIN KORUNMASI: AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ'Nİ AZINLIK MESELELERİ İÇİN KULLANMA OLASILIKLARI

Neredeyse tüm insan hakları sistemleri özel durumlar için yine özel sözleşmeler yapma yoluna giderler. Bu şekilde özel grup ve/veya özel haklar için normatif kurallar ve içtihatların detaylandırılması garanti altına alınır. Avrupa Konseyi'nin azınlık koruması onun iki özel azınlık belgesi olan Ulusal Azınlıkların Korunması İçin Çerçeve Sözleşme ile Bölgesel ve Azınlık Dilleri İçin Avrupa Şartı'nın komisyonları eliyle sağlanmaktadır. Diğer bölgesel ve uluslararası sistemlerde benzeri başkaca bir özel koruma mekanizması var olmadığından Avrupa azınlık koruması sistemi var olan en güçlü sistem olarak kabul edilmelidir. Ancak, Avrupa sisteminin olumlu yönleri olduğu gibi olumsuz yönleri de bulunmaktadır. Örneğin Avrupa Konseyi kendi azınlık koruması sisteminin denetimi için ne bir yargı mekanizması yaratmış ne de Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi'ne bir görev vermiştir. Avrupa Konseyi azınlık hakları sisteminin denetimi için sadece klasik rapor mekanizmasını önermektedir. Bu yönüyle Avrupa Konseyi sistemi diğer uluslararası veya bölgesel mekanizmalardan daha ilerici olarak değerlendirilebilse de aynı zamanda Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi'nden daha az avantajlı bir durumda olması nedeniyle eleştiriye açık hale gelmektedir. Bu sebeple Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi'nin azınlık hakları için kullanılması olasılıklarının Avrupalı azınlıklara yeni fırsatlar sağlamak bakımından tartışılması elzemdir.

THE PROTECTION OF MINORITIES IN THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE: POSSIBILITIES TO USE THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS FOR MINORITY ISSUES

Almost all human rights systems choose the way to adopt special treaties for the specific matters. This guarantees to detail the normative rules and the jurisprudence for a specific group or/and specific rights. Minority protection of the Council of Europe is provided by the Commissions of its two principal minority instruments: the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Since there is no such a special protection mechanism under any other systems, the European system should be accepted as the most powerful one for the minority protection in the world. However, the European minority protection system has its own pros and cons. For example the CoE creates neither a judicial mechanism nor gives a duty to the European Court on Human Rights for the supervision of its minority system. The CoE only offers the classical report mechnism for the monitoring of the minority rights system. In this way the system that is created by the CoE can be interpreted as being more progressive than any other international or regional mechanisms but also becomes open to be criticised for its less advantageous position than the ECHR mechanism. Therefore, possibilities to use the European Convention on Human Rights for the minority issues should be discussed in order to provide new opportunities to the minorities of Europe.

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