BERİL NİSA YAŞAR, FÜSUN TERZİOĞLU, GÜLTEN KOÇ

Genital Hijyen Bilgi ve Uygulamaları: Görme Engelli Kadınlar Örneği

Giriş: Görme engelli kadınların genital hijyen bilgi ve uygulamalarının belirlenmesi koruyucu ve tedavi edici sağlık hizmetleri açısından önemlidir. Amaç: Bu çalışmada görme engelli kadınların genital hijyen bilgi ve uygulamalarını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Altı Nokta Körler Derneği Genel Merkezi’ne üye olan 84 görme engelli kadın ile yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler, sosyodemografik özellikler ve genital hijyen bilgi-uygulamaları konularını içeren bir anket formu ile Mayıs 2013-Nisan 2014 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Görme engelli kadınların %52.4’ünün genital hijyen konusunda bilgi almadıkları; %32’sinin perine temizliği, %33.4’ünün menstrual hijyen, %34.6’sının vajinal akıntı konusunda bilgi aldıkları; %49.5’inin düzenli olarak menstruasyon görmediği, %38.1’inin kokulu vajinal akıntısının olduğu; %38.1’inin üriner sistem enfeksiyonu yaşadığı, %79.8’inin belirli aralıklarla doktora gitmediği; %33.3’ünün önden arkaya doğru perinesini temizlediği, %44’ünün pedi günde iki kez değiştirdiği; %61.9’unun menstruasyon döneminde duş almadığı; %42’sinin iki gün ve üzerinde iç çamaşırını değiştirdiği ve %35.7’sinin vajinal duş yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Görme engelli kadınların genital hijyen bilgi ve uygulamalarında eksikliklerin olduğu ve kişisel hijyen uygulamalarının geliştirilmesi gerektiği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Görme Engelli, Genital Hijyen, Kadın, Hemşirelik

Knowledge and Practices of Genital Hygiene: Visual-Disabled Women Sample

Background: It is important to determine knowledge and practices of genital hygiene of visual-disabled women for primary and secondary health care. Objectives: It is aimed to determine that knowledge and practices of genital hygiene of visual-disabled women in this study. Methods: Interviewing method with 84 visual-disabled women who are the members of Altı Nokta Körler Derneği was used. The data were collected using a questionnaire form covering sociodemographic information as well as knowledge and practices on genital hygiene issues between May, 2013 and April, 2015. Results: 52.4% of visual-disabled women did not receive information about genital hygiene; 32% received information about perineal cleaning; 33.4% received information about menstrual hygiene; 34.6% received information about vaginal discharge; 49.5% had not regular menstrual periods; 38.1% had scented vaginal discharge; 38.1% had urinary tract infection; 79.8% did not go to a doctor periodically; 33.3% cleaned perineal area towards to back; 44% changed pad twice a day; 61.9% did not take shower during menstruation; 42% changed underwear two days or over; and 35.7% took vaginal douching. Conclusion: It is determined that visualdisabled women have a lack of knowledge of genital hygiene and their personal hygiene practices should be developed

Keywords:

Visual-disabled, Genital Hygiene, Women, Nursing,

___

Abou-Gareeb, I., Lewallen, S., Bassett, K., & Courtright, P. (2001). Gender and blindness: a meta-analysis of population-based prevalence surveys. Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 8 (1), 39-56.
Becker, H., Stuifbergen, A., & Tinkle, M. (1997). Reproductive health care experiences of women with physical disabilities: a qualitative study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 78 (12), 26-33.
Cavalcante, L. D. W., Barbosa, G. O. L., de Oliveira, P. M. P., de Almeida Rebouças, C. B., & Pagliuca, L. M. F. (2013). Assistive technology for visually impaired women: usage of female condoms-a descriptive study. Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing,12 (3), 534-545.
Charlifue, S. W., Gerhart, K. A., Menter, R. R., Whiteneck, G. G., & Manley, M. S. (1992). Sexual issues of women with spinal cord injuries. Paraplegia, 30 (3), 192-199.
Costa, K. N., Pagliuca, L. M., Almeida, P. C., Cardoso, M. V., & Rebouças, C. B. (2009). Aspects of verbal communication between nurses and visually impaired people. Northeast Network Nursing Journal, 10 (2), 29-36.
Cupples, M. E., Hart, P. M., Johnston, A., & Jackson, A. J. (2012). Improving healthcare access for people with visual impairment and blindness. British Medical Journal, 344, e542.
Czerwinski, B. S. (2000). Variation in feminine hygiene practices‐as a fu nction of age. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 29 (6), 625-633.
Dormire, S., & Becker, H. (2007). Menopause health decision support for women with physical disabilities. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 36, 97–104.
Duckett, P. S., & Pratt, R. (2001). The researched opinions on research: visually impaired people and visual impairment research. Disability & Society, 16 (6), 815-835.
Finkova, D., Joklikova, H., Ludikova, L., & Majerova, H. (2014). Information and the quality of life of visually impaired individuals. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112, 1099-1105.
Gomez, M. T., Carlson, G. M., & Van Dooren, K. (2012). Practical approaches to supporting young women with intellectual disabilities and high support needs with their menstruation. Health Care for Women International, 33 (8), 678-694.
Hayes, B. (1999). Availability of appropriately packaged information on sexual health for people who are legally blind. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 7 (3), 155-159.
Isler, A., Tas, F., Beytut, D., & Conk, Z. (2009). Sexuality in adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Sexuality and Disability, 27 (1), 27-34.
Kallianes, V., & Rubenfeld, P. (1997). Disabled women and reproductive rights. Disability & Society, 12 (2), 203-222.
Karatay, G., & Özvarış, Ş. B. (2006). Bir sağlık merkezi bölgesindeki gecekondularda yaşayan kadınların genital hijyene ilişkin uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 10 (1), 7-14.
Kassa, T. A., Luck, T., Bekele, A., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2016). Sexual and reproductive health of young people with disability in Ethiopia: a study on knowledge, attitude and practice: a cross-sectional study. Globalization and health, 12 (1), 5.
Klebanoff, M. A., Nansel, T. R., Brotman, R. M., Zhang, J., Yu, K. F., Schwebke, J. R., & Andrews, W. W. (2010). Personal hygienic behaviors and bacterial vaginosis. Sexually transmitted diseases, 37 (2), 94.
Mall, S., & Swartz, L. (2012). Sexuality, disability and human rights: strengthening healthcare for disabled people. South African Medical Journal, 102 (10), 792-793.
Murthy, G. V. S., John, N., & Sagar, J. (2014). Reproductive health of women with and without disabilities in South India, the SIDE study (South India Disability Evidence) study: a case control study. BMC Women's Health, 14 (1), 146.
Nosek, M. A., Hughes, R. B., Swedlund, N., Taylor, H. B., & Swank, P. (2003). Self-esteem and women with disabilities. Social Science and Medicine, 56 (8), 1737-1747.
Özkan, İ. A., & Kulakaç, Ö. (2011). Kadın mahkumlarda genital hijyen davranışları. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 14 (2), 31-38.
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2011, November). Özürlülerin Sorun ve Beklentileri Araştırması 2010. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Matbaası, Ankara.
Pendergrass, S., Nosek, M. A., & Holcomb, J. D. (2001) Design and evaluation of an internet site to educate women with disabilities on reproductive health care. Sexuality and Disability, 19 (1), 71-83.
Rahayu, M., Suriah, & Syafar, M. (2015). Personal hygiene concepts of health education for the visually impaired. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 22 (1), 435-445.
Saulo, B., Walakira, E., & Darj, E. (2012). Access to healthcare for disabled persons. How are blind people reached by HIV services? Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare, 3 (1), 49-53.
Schopp, L. H., Sanford, T. C., Hagglund, K. J., Gay, J. W., & Coatney, M. A. (2002). Removing service barriers for women with physical disabilities: promoting accessibility in the gynecologic care setting. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 47 (2), 74-79.
Sharts-Hopko, N. C., Smeltzer, S., Ott, B. B., Zimmerman, V., & Duffin, J. (2010). Healthcare experiences of women with visual impairment. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 24(3), 149-153.
Smith, E., Murray, S. F., Yousafzai, A. K., & Kasonka, L. (2004) Barriers to accessing safe motherhood and reproductive health services: the situation of women with disabilities in Lusaka, Zambia. Disability and Rehabilitation, 26 (2), 121- 127.
Sudduth, A., & Linton, D. (2011). Gynecologic care of women with disabilities. Nursing for Women’s Health, 15 (2), 138-148.
T. C. Başbakanlık Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü Başkanlığı. (2009). Türkiye Özürlüler Araştırması 2002. Başbakanlık Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü Matbaası. Ankara.
Ünsal, A., Özyazıcıoğlu, N., & Sezgin, S. (2010). Doğu Karadenizdeki bir belde ve ona bağlı dokuz köyde yaşayan bireylerin genital hijyen davranışları. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 13 (2), 12-19.
Van Rooy, G., Amadhila, E. M., Mufune, P., Swartz, L., Mannan, H., & MacLachlan, M. (2012). Perceived barriers to accessing health services among people with disabilities in rural northern Namibia. Disability & Society,27 (6), 761-775.
World Health Organization. Visual Impairment and Blindness. (2004). Erişim: 20.02.2016 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/index.html