BURCU AKPINAR SÖYLEMEZ, ÖZLEM KÜÇÜKGÜÇLÜ, Demet TEKİN, Senan BALCI ERGİN, Ayşe YAMAN

Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Yaşlılara Yönelik Tutumları ve Yaşlılara Yönelik Tutumları Etkileyen Etmenler

Giriş: Yaşlı popülasyonunun her geçen gün hızla artmasına paralel olarak yaşlılarla çalışacak sağlık profesyonellerine olan ihtiyaç da artış göstermekte ve bu konuda eğitim almaları önem kazanmaktadır. Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yaşlılara yönelik tutumlarını ve tutumu etkileyebilecek bireysel özellikleri belirlemektir. Yöntem: Kesitsel tanımlayıcı tipte bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın yapılabilmesi için gerekli kurum izni, etik kurul izni ve katılımcılardan onam alınmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem büyüklüğü 357’dir. Veriler 2016-2017 akademik yılı içerisinde (Haziran-Temmuz 2017) toplanmıştır. Veri toplama formu olarak sosyo-demografik özellikler anket formu ve KOGAN yaşlılara yönelik tutum ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Ölçeğin pozitif tutum puan ortalaması 74.10 (SS 11.14), negatif tutum puan ortalaması 64.74 (SS 12.56), toplam ölçek puan ortalaması ise 145.35 (SS 16.08) olarak bulunmuştur. Mezun olduktan sonra yaşlılarla çalışmak isteyen öğrenci oranı %65’dir. İncelenen değişkenlerden en uzun yaşanan yer (pozitif tutum puan ortalaması p=.037) ve yaşlılarla çalışma istekliliği (pozitif, negatif ve toplam tutum puan ortalaması sırasıyla, p= .000, p= .031, p= .000) ile yaşlılara yönelik tutum arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Hemşirelik öğrencilerin yaşlılara yönelik pozitif yönde bir tutum sergilediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Yaşlılara yönelik tutumu olumlu yönde geliştirmek ve bu konuda farkındalık yaratmak amacıyla hemşirelik müfredatlarının geriatri derslerini içermesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Yaşlılara yönelik pozitif tutum sergileyen ve bu konuda kendini geliştiren öğrencilerin yaşlılara daha kaliteli bakım sunumunda görev alabilmesi mümkündür

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yaşlılığa karşı tutum, Hemşirelik öğrencileri, Yaşlılarla çalışmaya isteklilik, Hemşirelik Müfredatı

Examining Nursing Students' Attitudes Towards the Elderly and Factors Affecting Attitudes Towards the Elderly

_Elderly population is growing and healthcare professionals are now providing more care to elderly. Objectives_ The study was conducted in order to examine the attitudes of students of nursing as well as the relationship between their personal characteristics and attitudes towards elderly. Methods_ The cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. The sample consisted of 357students. The data was collected between June and July at 2016-2017 academic year with the sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire form and Turkish version of Kogan’s attitudes the old people scale. Results_ The average positive attitudes score was 74.10 (SD 11.14), negative attitudes score was 64.74 (SD 12.56), total score of KOGAN was 145.35 (SD 16.08). It was determined that more than half of the students were willing to work with elderly after graduation (65%). The statistically significant differences were found by place of longest residence (for positive attitudes, p = .037) and willingness to work with elderly (for positive, negative and total attitudes, p = .000, p = .031, p = .000, respectively), significant differences could not be found in terms of the other variables. Conclusion_ The results of this study indicate that nursing students have slightly positive attitudes towards elderly. It is important that the nursing curriculum includes geriatric courses that will create awareness and knowledge in students regarding care of elderly and attitudes toward the elderly. Adopting a more positive attitude towards elderly means providing more and higher quality care for the elderly_

Keywords:

Attitudes towards the elderly, Nursing students, Willingness to work with the elderly, Nursing curriculum.,

___

Algoso, M., Peters, K., Ramjan, L., & East, L. (2016). Exploring undergraduate nursing students’ perceptions of working in aged care settings: A review of the literature. Nurse Education Today, 36, 275-280.
Aydın, Z. D. (1999). The aging World and the education in geriatrics. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 2 (4), 179-187.
Ayoğlu, F. N., Kulakçı, H., Ayyıldız, T. K., Korkmaz Aslan, G., & Veren, F. (2014). Attitudes of Turkish nursing and medical students toward elderly people. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 25(3), 241-248.
Cheng, M., Cheng, C., Tian, Y., & Fan, X. (2015). Student nurses’ motivation to choose gerontological nursing as a career in China: A survey study. Nurse Education Today, 35 (7), 843-848.
Darling, R., Sendir, M., Atav, S. & Buyukyilmaz, F. (2017). Undergraduate nursing students and the elderly: An assesment of attitudes in a Turkish university. Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 1-12.
Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı [DPT] (2007). Türkiye’de yaşlıların durumu ve yaşlanma ulusal eylem planı. Erişim: 18.08.2017
file:///C:/Users/bsoylemez/AppData/Local/Packages/Microsoft.MicrosoftEdge_8wekyb3d8bbwe/TempState/Downloads/ Türkiyede_Yaşlıların_Durumu_ve_Ulusal_Yaşlanma_Eylem_Planı_01.03.2007.pdf.
Dy-Boarman, E. A., Nisly, S. A. & Martin, D. (2017). Use of a health screening and education event to change student attitudes toward the elderly. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 9(1), 101-107.
Faronbi, J. O., Adebowale, O., Faronbi, G. O., Musa, O. O., & Ayamolowo, S. J. (2017). Perception knowledge and attitude of nursing students towards the care of older patients. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 7, 37-42.
Horstmanshof, L., Lingard, R. G., Coetzee, S., & Waddell, L. P. (2016). Clinical exercise physiology students learning with older adults: an innovative simulation-based education programme. Advances in Simulation, 1 (11), 1-10.
Kızılcı, S., Küçükgüçlü, Ö., Mert, H., & Söylemez Akpınar, B. (2013). Examination of nursing students’ attitudes towards older people in Turkey. Health Medicine, 7 (2), 544-552.
Kogan, N. (1961). Attitudes towards old people: The development of a scale and an examination of correlates. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62, 44-54.
Küçükgüçlü, Ö., Mert, H., & Akpinar, B. (2011). Reliability and validity of Turkish version of attitudes toward old people scale. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20 (21-22), 3196-3203.
Koh, G. C. H., Ling, C. L. H., Chen Cynthia, C., Lim, S., Scherer, S. C., Amin, Z., & Merchant, R. A. (2015). Effect of a new longitudinal interprofessional geriatric medicine educational track on knowledge and attitude of medical students: A controlled cohort study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 63(3), 558-564.
Lehning, A. J., Smith, R. J. & Dunkle, R. E. (2015). Do age-friendly characteristics influence the expectation to age in place? A comparison of low-income and higher income detroit elders. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 34 (2), 158-180.
Liu, Y., Zhang, M., Sun, M., Dong, F., Zhao, X., & Yu, B. (2017). Research on current situations of geriatric nursing education. BIO Web of Conferences, 8 (01008), 1-6.
Liu, Y-E., Norman, I. J., & While, A. E. (2013). Nurses’ attitudes towards older people: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 50 (9), 1271-1282.
Neville, C. (2015). Undergraduate nurse attitudes toward older adults and perceptions of working with older adults: An analysis of measurement instruments. Nurse Education Today, 35 (1), 183-188.
Ozdemir, Ö., & Bilgili, N. (2016). Attitudes of Turkish nursing students related to ageism. The Journal of Nursing Research, 24 (3), 211-216.
Parsons, K., MacDonald, S., Hajek, A., Moody, J. (2015). Increasing attitudes and interest in caring for older adults in first year nursing students using innovative teaching and learning strategies. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 5 (9), 63-71.
Rathnayake, S., Athukorala, Y., & Siop, S. (2016). Attitudes toward and willingness to work with older people among undergraduate nursing students in a public university in Sri Lanka: A cross sectional study. Nurse Education Today, 36, 439-444.
Samra, R., Grriffiths, A., Cox, T., Conroy, S., Gordon, A., & Gladman, J. R. F. (2015). Medical students’ and doctors’ attitudes towards older patients and their care in hospital settings: a conceptualisation. Age and Ageing, 44 (5), 776-783.
Sözvurmaz, S., & Mandıracıoğlu A. (2017). Health sciences students’ ageing anxiety and attitudes towards older people. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics / Türk Geriatri Dergisi, 20 (1), 54-60.
Tavares, J. P. A., Silva, A. L., Sa-Couto, P., Boltz, M., & Capezuti, E. (2015). Portoguese nurses’ knowledge of and attitudes toward hospitalized older adults. Scandinavian Jorunal of Caring Sciences, 29 (1), 51-61.
Tufan, F., Yuruyen, M., Kizilarslanoglu, M. C., Akpinar, T., Emiksiye, S., Yesil Y et al. (2015). Geriatrics education is associated with positive attitudes toward older people in internal medicine residents: A multicenter study. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 60 (2), 307-310.
Turan, E., Yanardağ, M., & Metintas, S. (2016). Attitudes of students of health sciences towards the older persons. Nurse Education Today, 36: 53-57.
Turkish Statistical Institute [Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu]. (17.03.2016) Elderly statistics, 2015 [İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar, 2015]. Erişim: 17.07.2017. http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=21520
Turkish Statistical Institute [Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu]. (18.03.2015) Elderly statistics, 2014 [İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar, 2014]. Erişim: 17.07.2017. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=18620
Usta, Y. Y., Demir, Y., Yönder, M., & Yildiz, A. (2012). Nursing students’ attitudes toward ageism in Turkey. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 54 (1), 90-93.
World Health Organization [WHO]. (2015). Ageing and health. Erişim: 17.07.2017. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs404/en/
Zhang, S., Liu, Y-H., Zhang, H-F., Meng, L-N., & Liu, P-X. (2016). Determinants of undergraduate nursing students’ care willingness towards the elderly in China: Attitudes, gratitude and knowledge. Nurse Education Today, 43, 28-33.