HİNDUİZM'E GÖRE TANRI VİŞNU'NUN YERYÜZÜNDE BEDENLENMESİNİN (AVATARA/HULÛL) TEMEL NEDENLERİ

Tanrı'nın yeryüzüne inmesi ve çeşitli varlık formlarına bürünmesi inancı, animistik dinlerden eski İran ve Hint dinlerine kadar geniş bir inanç kuşağında görülür. Bu inancın ciddi manada önem kazandığı dinlerin başında ise Hinduizm gelir. Hinduizm'de tanrının bedenlenmesi (avatara) inancı, tanrı Vişnu'nun dini/ahlaki bozulmalar başladığı anda yeryüzüne inişini ve gerekli müdahaleleri yaparak evrendeki düzeni (dharma) yeniden tesis edişini ifade eder. Avatara inancına göre o, kötülüğün ve adaletsizliğin arttığı, dini yozlaşmanın en üst düzeye ulaştığı ahir zamanda tekrar bedenlenecek ve insanlığı bu felaketten kurtarıp Hindu inancını yeniden canlandıracaktır. Tanrı'nın yeryüzünde beden alarak gerçekleştirdiği/gerçekleştireceği bu tür icraatlar, Hindu dininin asırlardır ayakta kalmasını sağladığı gibi avatara doktrininin Hindular nezdinde önemli bir inanç olarak yer edinmesine de imkân tanımıştır. Dolayısıyla bu makalede Hindu kutsal metinlerinden hareketle avatara doktrinin ortaya çıkış süreci ve Tanrı'nın farklı varlık formlarında beden almasının temel nedenleri incelenmiştir. Bu şekilde bedenlenme doktrininin Hinduizm açısından taşıdığı değer çeşitli yönleriyle tartışılmıştır

Basic Reasons of Incarnation of God Vishnu (Avatara/Hulul) in Hinduism

The doctrine of incarnation of God can be found in a wide belt of faith such as animistic, Indian and Old Iranian religions. This doctrine, especially, come into prominence in Hinduism in which the doctrine of incarnation of God (avatara) indicates the Vishnu's descending on earth for the protection of the good and for the destruction of evil, and for the re-establishment of cosmic order (dharma). At the end of the world, in which righteousness will wane and unrighteousness will increase, according to avatara doctrine, Vishnu will come again as a Kalki avatara for saving pious individuals and rejuvenate of Hindu beliefs. These kinds of missions of avatara enable Hindu religion to survive for centuries and provide the avatara doctrine as a significant belief in the eyes of Hindus. This article deals with the process of appearance of avatara doctrine and main reasons of incarnation of god Vishnu in different forms with reference to Hindu sacred texts. This study, in this way, discusses the value of avatara doctrine in the sense of Hinduism

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