YAŞLILIKTA ZEKA ÖLÇÜMÜNE ELEŞTİREL BİR BAKIŞ

Yaşlılık sürecinde en genel tanımıyla biyopsikososyal olarak tanımlanan insanoğlunda önemli değişimler meydana gelmektedir. Biyopsikososyal değişimle paralel olarak yaşlılık döneminde önemli bir değişime uğradığı öne sürülen konulardan biri zeka konusudur. Fakat “Zeka nedir?” sorusuna halen yanıt aranmaktadır ve bilim insanları tarafından bu kavramın tanımı hakkında bir konsensüs bulunmamaktadır. Kullanılan zeka testlerinin aslında neyi ölçtüğüne dair tartışmalar da davam etmektedir. Genel anlamda zeka kavramının yanı sıra bu kavram yaşlılıkla birlikte kullanıldığında durum daha da karmaşık bir hal almaktadır. Bununla birlikte, yaşlılara karşı olan olumsuz stereotipilerin de yaşlılıktaki zeka konusuna olumsuz etkileri olduğu söylenebilir. Bu yazıda odaklanılan nokta ise sayısal açıdan yaşlılardan elde edilen zeka puanlarının var olan testlerle ve yöntemlerle ne kadar objektif bir şekilde ölçülüp ölçülmediği ve elde edilen puanlara ne kadar güvenilir olduğudur. Elde edilen veriler ne kadar sayısal veriler olsa da bu verilerin bağlamdan bağımsız olarak değerlendirilmemesi gerektiği unutulmamalıdır.

A Critical Outlook on Intelligence Measurement in Old Age

Important changes occur in the human being defined as biopsychosocial in its most general definition during the aging process. In parallel with biopsychosocial change, one of the subjects that has undergone a significant change in the old age is the subject of intelligence.  However, the question of "what is intelligence" is still sought and there is no consensus on the definition of this concept by scientists. There is also debate about what intelligence tests actually measure. In addition to the concept of intelligence in general, when this concept is used together with old age, the situation becomes more complicated. However, it can be said that negative stereotypes against the elderly also have negative effects on the subject of intelligence in old age. The focus of this article is on how objectively measured the intelligence scores obtained from the elderly in numerical terms by the existing tests and methods and how reliable they are to the scores obtained. It should be noted that no matter how quantitative data are obtained, these data should not be evaluated independently of the context.

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