KÜRESEL REKABETİN BÖLGESEL GÜVENLİĞE YANSIMALARI: ÇİN DENİZİ’NDE ABD-ÇİN MÜCADELESİ

Öz İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD), küresel güvenlik perspektifinden hareketle dünyayı çeşitli coğrafi bölgelere ayırmış ve bu bölgelerde askeri komutanlıklar ihdas ederek bahse konu komutanlıklar altında birçok askeri üs tesis etmiştir. Doğu Asya coğrafyasında yer alan askeri üslerden birisi savaştan yenik çıkan Japonya’da diğeri ise Kore yarımadasındaki savaşın ardından Güney Kore’de oluşturulmuştur. Anılan dönemde Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği (SSCB)’nin başını çektiği komünist bloka karşı kurulan bölgesel komutanlıklar 1990 yılının ardından Soğuk Savaş’ın bitişinin ilan edilmesiyle birlikte yaklaşık yarım yüzyıldır süren mücadelenin etkisinin devam etmesiyle birlikte Soğuk Savaş dönemi güvenlik nizamını korumuştur. Bu süreçte tek kutuplu dünya düzenine geçiş yapılmış ve ABD hegemonik bir güç olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. ABD’nin kendi çıkarlarını önceleyerek küresel güvenliğin tek hakim koruyucu gücü olarak dünyayı güvenlikleştirme çabaları Asya’da yeni ve kendisine rakip bir gücün ortaya çıkışıyla birlikte risk altına girmeye başlamıştır. 2000 yılı sonrasında Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti (ÇHC)’nin özellikle ekonomik alanda başlattığı kalkınma hamleleri “Barışçıl Yükseliş” sloganı altında başarılı olurken gerçekleştirmeye başladığı askeri modernizasyon süreçleri ABD tarafından kendisine doğrudan bir tehdit olarak algılanmaktadır. ÇHC’nin liberal değerlere karşıt olarak komünist ideolojiye sahip olmasının yanı sıra ABD’nin özellikle bölgesel ekonomik, politik ve askeri çıkarlarının başka bir güç tarafından tehdit edilmesine müsamaha göstermeyeceği değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel varsayımı askeri güç artırımına giden ÇHC’nin Çin Denizi’nde ABD çıkarlarını tehdit edip etmediğini ortaya koymak ve her iki ülke arasındaki sert güç unsurlarının kullanılmasıyla başlayan sürecin bir analizini yapmaktır. Makale, ABD ve ÇHC arasında giderek artan bölgesel mücadelenin sadece askeri yönünü kapsama dahil ettiği için devlet seviyesinde analiz yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Uluslararası İlişkiler, Saldırgan Realizm, Güney Çin Denizi, Dokuz çizgi hattı, Tukidides Tuzağı

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