Burdur-Antalya Bölgesi’nde bulunmuş olan geç kalkolitik ve İlk Tunç Çağlarına ait bir grup ayrışık kap üzerine gözlemler

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Antalya

Double-spouted Vessels from late chalcolithic and Early Bronze age obtained in Burdur-Antalya region

It is known that a group of findings among the pottery findings obtained during excavations in Burdur-Antalya Region were processed by similar methods with other pottery in terms of technical attributes such as clay, lining, buffing, baking but they display differences in shape. The article attempts to examine the dissociated vessels that exemplify the settlements in the region from Late Chalcolithic Age and Early Bronze Age, firstly in accordance with their shapes, and then, evaluate the purpose of use of this kind of vessels. Dissociated vessels introduced here have been obtained from Late Chalcolithic Age in Kuruçay and from Early Bronze Age II in Bademağacı in Burdur-Antalya Region. The vessels in question are comprised of doublespouted examples, like jugs and rhyton and paired/attached examples, which are defined as “salt-pepper shakers.” Analogues of the spouted vessels we have examined in Burdur-Antalya Region have been encountered with especially in the eastern part of Anatolia, and a wide geographical area that covers from Sytia-Palestine to the Aegean Islands. However, the double-spouted vessels found in the aforementioned areas present time differences with the exampled we have examined.8 Double-spouted vessels have been found in Yortan Cemetary, near the city of Balikesir. Triple examples of the salt-pepper shares are seen in Yortan (Kamil 1982: Pl. XV, 238-239, Fig. 74). In Southern Anatolia, double-spouted vessels were found in Mersin-Yumuktepe and Tarsus-Gozlukule settlements. It is understood that the salt-pepper shakers emerge in Late Chalcolithic Age and continue into Early Bronze Age (Garstang 1953: 190, 198).9 One of the areas where double-spouted vessels have been obtained in large quantities is the Aegean Islands. It is evident from the area that the double-spouted vessels are characteristic to Early Bronze Age cultures. Examples seen in the area are generally placed on a cylindrical, tall pedestal. Along with twins, triplet and quadruplet attached vessels are seen. Double-spouted vessels have been obtained in Phylakopi I culture, Pyrgos (Müller-Karpe 1974: Tafel 366, 40-42) and Gumes settlements (Müller-Karpe 1974: Tafel 372: 30) in Kreta. Analogues of the double-spouted vessels observed in the Aegean Islands have also been found in Cyprus. Examples with three of more attached vessels, other than double-spouted vessels, are also seen in Vounous settlement, which is located in Cyprus and dated to Early Bronze Age. Analogues of jugs and the twin vessels that are defined as “salt-pepper shakers” are seen in Karataş-Semayük and Bağbaşı settlements, located in Elmalı Plain of Burdur-Antalya Region (Mellink 1966: Pl. 61, Fig. 30).10 One of the settlements where double-spouted vessels have been found in the Western Anatolia is Beycesultan. It is concluded that this kind of products in Beycesultan started in Early Bronze Age I and continued until the end of Early Bronze Age III (Lloyd – Mellaart 1962). The other settlement doublespouted vessels have been obtained in Western Anatolia is Troya. Examples found in Troya are generally rhytons with three or four parts. We have mentioned that double-spouted vessels are found in a wide geographical area, from Syria-Palestine in the east to the Aegean Islands in the west, outside of Anatolia. Double-spouted vessels have been found in Megiddo settlement in Palestine (Müller-Karpe 1974: Tafel 277, B1). The fact that similar examples have been found in an area geographically very remote to the region we examine indicates that these vessels were manufactured as products of the same thought and tradition. Although there are similarities in the production technique and certain shapes among the double-spouted vessels found in Burdur-Antalya Region and the examples seen neighbouring areas, it is understood that these products are original. Double-spouted vessels examples obtained in Kültepe II layer and Boğazköy, the Hittite capital city, show that these findings were produced in different forms in the second millennium BC, after Early Bronze Age. When we evaluate the double-spouted vessels examined in Burdur-Antalya Region in terms of the locations they were founded in, it is observed that this type of vessels have been obtained in the temple or the magazine associated with the temple in Kuruçay. One double-spouted vessel in Bademağacı has been found in the location defined as the storage room, while others have been found inside houses. The fact that these vessels have been found in exclusive locations in Kuruçay indicates that their functions were also exclusive; while the salt-pepper shaker obtained in Bademağacı was found in a storage room leads to the question whether the example was used to increase fertility or to make offerings to gods. It is observed that the double-spouted vessels were made in sizes that vary between 5,7 cm and 16 cm. The facts like these vessels were produced in small numbers and small sizes, no exact analogues of them have been found anywhere and there is no abrasion on them that indicates usage gives the thought that these exclusive products cannot have functioned as daily tools or kitchen vessels. Based on the facts we have mentioned, we can say that the functions of the double-spouted vessels were as exclusive as their forms and that they may have been used for ritual purposes in religious ceremonies rather than daily kitchen necessities.
Keywords:

Antalya,

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