Arkeolojik ve Tarihsel Bağlamı İçerisinde Mitanni İmparatorluğu’nun Batı Sınırı: Alalah (Aççana Höyük) Geç Tunç Çağı Tabakalarına Ait Bir Değerlendirme

Alalah (Aççana Höyük) Hatay ili sınırları içerisinde, Asi nehrinin kenarında, 22 hektarlık boyutuyla Amik Ovası sınırları içerisindeki en büyük Tunç Çağı yerleşimlerinden biridir. Geç Tunç Çağı içinde (M.Ö. 1600-1300) bölgesel Mukiš Krallığı’nın başkenti olma rolünü korumuş, Doğu Akdeniz ticaret ağı içerisindeki stratejik ve politik önemi nedeniyle sırasıyla Yamhad, Mitanni ve Hitit İmparatorluklarına vasallık olarak hizmet etmiştir. Aççana Höyük, açığa çıkarılan Geç Tunç Çağı tabakalarıyla arkeolo- jide bir sorunsal olma niteliğini koruyan Mitanni İmparatorluğu hakkında maddi kalıntılar ve yazılı belgeler sağlayan sınırlı sayıdaki yerleşimlerden biri olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu çalışma, yazılı belgelere dayalı Mitanni politik ve sosyal yapısını Aççana Höyük’te yapılan arkeolojik çalışmalarda açığa çıkarı- lan tabakalara ve maddi kalıntılara bağlı kalarak değerlendirmektedir.

Located near the major branch of Orontes River, with its 22 ha size, Alalakh (Tell Atchana) is one of the largest settlements in the Amuq Valley of Hatay (Turkey). During the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1600- 1300 BC), it was the capital city of the regional kingdom of Mukiš and with its strategic location and political significance, it served as a vassal to kingdoms of Yamhad, Mitanni and Hittites successively. Tell Atchana is one of the limited number of the sites that revealed both textual and material evidence regarding the understanding of the enigmatic nature of Mitanni Empire. This research in that perspe- ctive evaluates the Mitanni political and social framework through the levels and the material culture excavated at the site.

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