Okullarda Beslenme Uygulamaları

Okul yıllarındaki sağlıklı beslenmenin çocukların büyüme- gelişmelerini desteklediği, okul başarılarını olumlu etkile- diği ve ileri yıllarda ortaya çıkan kronik hastalıkların ris- kini düşürdüğü bilinmektedir. Okula başlayan çocukların sosyal yaşamları ve buna bağlı olarak da beslenme alış- kanlıkları değişmektedir. Çünkü çocuklar, özellikle de büyük şehirlerde tam gün okula giden çocuklar, günün en az bir ya da daha fazla öğününü, ev yerine okulda yerler. Okullar, sağlıklı bir yaşam için, yalnızca eğitimin geliştiril- mesi değil, beslenme ve fiziksel aktivite konularında da olumlu değişikliklerin yapılabileceği, geliştirilebileceği ortamlardır. Son yıllarda, okulların eğitim alanında en iyiyi yapmaya çalıştıkları, buna karşın beslenme ve fiziksel aktiviteye aynı özeni göstermedikleri ve çocuklar arasında şişmanlığın arttığı bildirilmektedir. Şişmanlığın artışından, birçok faktör yanında okul yemekleri de sorumlu tutulmak- ta ve şişmanlığın önlenmesinde ise aileden önce okulların etkili olacağı belirtilmektedir. Bu makalede, okullardaki mevcut yemek/beslenme uygulamalarına ve yapılması gerekenlere yer verilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çocuk, beslenme, okul yemekleri

Nutrition Practices in Schools

It is known that healthy nourishment during the school years supports the physical development of the children, positively affects their school performance and reduces the risk of chronic diseases in later years. During the school years the life style and consequently also the eating habits of the children are modified. Children, particularly those going to full time schools in big cities, have one or more meals at the school. Schools are very suitable environ- ments for achieving improvements towards a healthy life, not only in the educational sense but also in the realms of nutrition and physical activities. It is reported that during the recent years schools are trying to provide the best in education but fail to exhibit the same concern in the doma- ins of nutrition and physical activities; as a consequence an increasing incidence of obesity is observed among the school-age children. Among other factors, school meals are deemed responsible for the increasing number of obese children, and it is believed that schools can be more effec- tive than the families in the prevention of the tendency towards obesity. In this article, the present food/nutrition practices in schools in Istanbul are reported and necessary measures for improvement are suggested

Keywords:

Child, nutrition, school meals,

PDF

___

Anon. Guidelines for school health programs to promote life- long healthy eating. J Sch Health 1997; 67:9-26.
Niclas TA, Johnson R. Dietary guidance for healthy children, ages 2-11 years. Position of the American Dietetic Association. J Am Diet Assoc 2004; 104:660-77.
Dietary intake of children and high risk of cardio-vascular disease. J Am Diet Assoc 2004; 104:222-5. okul başarısı arasındaki iletişim üzerine bir araştırma, H.Ü.
Sağlık Teknolojisi Yüksek Okulu, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Doçentlik tezi. 1982.
Second edition. Oxford Medical Publications. Page:73-84, S (eds): Food, Nutrition, and Diet Therapy. USA, Saunders, edition, 2004: 259-80. patterns of Japanese children. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:S1979
Meal patterns and food use in 10-to 11-year-old Finnish child- ren. Public Health Nutr 2003; 6:365-70.
Moor C. Children’s meal patterns have changed over a year period: the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Am Diet Assoc ; 104:753-61. differences in dietary micronutrient intakes of US children. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2003; 54:485-90. of children’s dietary intake patterns with US dietary guideli- nes. British J Nutr 2000; 84:361-67. hood food consumption patterns: a cause for concern in light of increasing body weights. Am J Nutr 2003; 78:1068-73.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Soft drinks in schools. Committee on School Health. Pediatrics 2004; 113:152-4.
Wang Y, Lobstein T. Worldwide trends in childhood overwe- ight and obesity. IJPO 2006; 1:11-25.
Hackett AF, Gibbon M, Sratton G, Hamil L. Dietary intake of 9-10-year-old and 11-12-year-old children in Liverpool. Public Health Nutr 2002;5:449-55. on of school breakfast clubs:where does economics fit in?
Child Care Health Dev 2004; 30:429-37. enhances growth and bone mineral accretion in Chinese girls aged 10-12 years in Beijing. Br J Nutr 2004; 92:159-68.
Belderson P, Harvey I, Kimbell R, O’Neill J, Russell J, Barker ME. Does breakfast-club attendance affect schoolchildren’s nutrient intake? A study of dietary intake at three schools. Br J Nutr 2003; 90:1003-6.
Delgado Rubio A. Food habits of students using school dining rooms in Spain; “Tell me how you eat study”. Aten Primaria 2004; 28-33:131-9.
Klinik Çocuk Forumu. Kasım-Aralık 2005; 20-28. Enstitüsü 2003; 3:1-4. and American School Food Service Association-Nutrition services:an essential component of comprehensive school health programs. Position of the American Dietetic Association. J Am Diet Assoc 2003; 103:505-14. based programs for health-risk reduction. Annals NY Acad Sci ; 208-24.
Wolfe WS, Campbell CC. Food pattern, diet quality, and related characteristics of schoolchildren in New York State. J Am Diet Assoc 1993; 93:1280-4. at a staff canteen is associated with recommended food habits.
Public Health Nutr 2004; 7:53-61. food:What parents and teachers think about the middle school food environment. J Am Diet Assoc 2005; 105:233-9.
Paige DM. Breakfast and lunch meal skipping patterns among fourt-grade children from selected public schools in urban, suburban, and rural maryland. J Am Diet Assoc 2004; :420-3. yurdunda barınan adolesanların beslenme durumları. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi 2000; 29:25-33. Dergisi 1999; 28:1-3. in nutrient intake of 5-to 12-year-old children. Am J Clin Nutr ; 34:1418-27. breakfast-eating among young schoolchildren in Nova Scotia.
Can J Public Health 1993; 84:410-14. breakfast on cognitive functions of school children of diffe- ring nutritional status. Am J Clin Nutr 1989; 49:646-53.
Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Boyce WF, et al. Comparison of overweight and obesity in school-aged youth from 34 countri- es and their relationships with physical activity and dietary patterns. Obes Rev 2005; 6:123-32. consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obe- sity. Lancet 2001; 357:505-8. to children in Europe, A report of Phase 1 of the “Children obesity and associated avoidable chronic diseases” project.
April, Brussels, Belgium. 2005. obesity and co-morbidities in Europe. Part 2. Numbers of children with indicators of obesity-related disease. IJPO 2006; :33-41. to solve. Obes Rev 2003; 4:57-71. weight children unhappy? Body mass index, depressive symptoms, and overweight concerns in elementary school children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000; 154:931-5.
French SA, Story M, Fulkerson JA, Hannan P. An environ- mental intervention to promote lower-fat food choices in secondary schools outcomes of the TACOS Study. Am J Public Health 2004; 94:1507-12.
Gökçay G, Garipağaoğlu M. Çocukluk ve ergenlik dönemin- de beslenme. Saga yayınları, İstanbul. 2002; 105-14.