Birleşik Krallık’ta Evrensel Kredi Uygulaması ve Evrensel Kredinin Yararlanıcılar Bakımından Etkileri

Çalışma, Birleşik Krallık’ta 2013 yılından itibaren aşamalı olarak uygulamaya konulan “Evrensel Kredi” Universal Credit uygulamasının yararlanıcılar bakımından etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Evrensel Kredi uygulamasının yararlanıcılara ilişkin etkisinin anlaşılabilmesi için bu uygulama tüm yönleriyle ele alınmış ve eski sistemle arasındaki farklılıklar detaylandırılmıştır. Birleşik Krallık‘ta sosyal yardımların çalışma karşılığı verilmesi kararlaştırılan uygulamanın refah reformunun yararlanıcılara ilişkin etkilerinin seçimi, The Poverty Alliance’ın Evrensel Kredi’nin uygulanabilirliğine ilişkin yürüttüğü geniş kapsamlı araştırma raporlarına dayanmaktadır. Etkilerin tasnifinde uygulamaya ilişkin araştırma raporlarında ön plana en çok çıkan başlıklar esas alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda Evrensel Kredi uygulamasının yararlanıcılarda yarattığı etkiler; farklı aile kompozisyonları, sisteme çevrimiçi başvuru, başvuru esnasındaki taahhütler, ödenme şekli ve sistemin yarattığı duygusal etkiler bakımından beş başlık altında sınıflandırılarak ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca etkilerin yukarıdan aşağıya doğru sınıflandırılmasında belirli bir sistematik takip edilerek yararlanıcıların yüzleştiği ve yüzleşebileceği etkilerin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi hedeflenmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Evrensel Kredi, refah reformu, yararlanıcılar, Birleşik Krallık, yardım karşılığı çalışma

This study aims to examine extensively the effects of The Universal Credit, which has been phased, implemented since 2013 on the beneficiaries. In this study, in order to understand the effects of the Universal Credit on the beneficiaries, the implementation of the Universal Credit was addressed in all its aspects, and the differences between the Universal Credit and the previous system was detailed. In this study, the selection of the effects of the implementation of the Universal Credit welfare reform which aims to put people to work on the beneficiaries was based on the Poverty Alliance’s extensive studies conducted on the applicability of the Universal Credit. In the categorization of the effects were based on the titles come to the forefront mostly in the research reports related to the implementation of Universal Credit. In this context, the effects of the Universal Credit on beneficiaries were examined in terms of different family compositions, online application to the system, commitment at the time of application, method of payment, and the emotional effects created by the system. Also, to be able to understand the effects faced and could be faced by the beneficiaries was fallowed a certain systematic steps for classification of the effects from top to bottom.

Keywords:

Universal Credit, welfare reform, beneficiaries, United Kingdom, workfare,

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