SİLAHLI KUVVETLERDEKİ ROL YÖNELİMSEL DEĞİŞİKLİKLER: MOSKOS’UN KURUM-MESLEK MODELİNE YÖNELİK BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

20’nci yüzyıl, dünya genelinde birçok ülkenin silahlı kuvvetlerinde hızlı bir şekilde zorunlu askerlik uygulamasından gönüllü askerlik uygulamasına geçişin yaşandığı bir döneme şahitlik etmiştir. Bu yöndeki eğilim günümüzde halen devam etmektedir. Zorunlu askerlik uygulamasından gönüllü askerlik uygulamasına geçiş, aynı zamanda, kurum olarak askerlik anlayışının meslek olarak askerlik anlayışına doğru evrilmesine de sebep olmuştur. Bu kapsamda, Charles C. Moskos’un silahlı kuvvetlerin bir kurum modelinden yavaş yavaş ama sürekli bir şekilde bir meslek modeline geçiş halinde olduğunu iddia ettiği “Kurum-Meslek Modeli,” silahlı kuvvetlerde meydana gelmekte olan hızlı değişimlere ışık tutabilecek niteliktedir. Bu çalışmada, ülkelerin silahlı kuvvetlerinde son dönemde meydana gelmekte olan rol yönelimsel değişimlere ışık tutabilecek olan Kurum-Meslek modeli ele alınmış, mevcut uygulamaları ve modele yönelik eleştiriler incelenmiş ve model hakkında genel bir değerlendirmede bulunulmuştur.

CHANGES IN THE ROLE ORIENTATIONS OF THE ARMED FORCES: AN EVALUATION ON THE MOSKOS’ INSTITUTION-OCCUPATION MODEL

The 20th century witnessed an era in which a quick transition occurred from the application of draft to the application of the all-volunteer force in the armed forces throughout the world. This trend still continues today. The transition in armies from draft to the all-volunteer force also has caused the institutional military understanding to evolve into an occupational military understanding. In this regard, the “Institutional-Occupational Model,” in which Charles C. Moskos claims that the armed forces has been in a gradual transition from an institutional model to an occupational model, is such as to shed light on the rapid changes occurring in the armed forces. In this respect, this study addresses the Institutional-Occupational Model, which might also shed light on the recent changes in the role orientations of the Armed Forces of many countries, examines the model’s current applications and criticisms towards it, and provides an overall evaluation of the model.

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