Yükselen Tehdit Algısı Karşısında Çin'in Yumuşak Güç Siyaseti: Politikalar ve Sınırlılıkları

Çin, son otuz yılda hızla büyüyen ekonomisi ve küresel alandagiderek yükselen siyasi profili ile hem bir fırsat hem de önemli birtehdit olarak görülmektedir. Ayrıca Çin'in askeri alanda yaptığıharcamalar ve büyük nüfusu 2050'ye doğru gidilen süreçte küresel güç mücadelesinde uluslararası siyaset açısından göz ardı edilemeyeceğinin önemli göstergeleridir. Çin Soğuk Savaş dinamiklerinden elde ettiği çıkarımlar doğrultusunda tehdit algısını zayıflatmak için yumuşak güç olgusunu ilk olarak düşünsel hayatındasonrasında ise siyasi düzlemde keşfetmiştir. 2000'li yıllardan itibaren yumuşak güç kavramı siyasi elitin söylemlerinde yoğun olarakyer almaya başlamıştır. Çalışmada bu söyleme paralel olarak yürütülen politikalar, Çin'in sahip olduğu kısıtlar ve avantajlar bağlamında Joseph S. Nye'ın yumuşak gücün üç unsuru olarak değerlendirdiği kültür, dış politika ve siyasi değerler boyutu ile elealınmıştır. Ortaya çıkan sonuçlar, karşılaştırmalı olarak incelendiğinde, Çin'in yumuşak güç siyasetinin kültür ve dış politika boyutlarıyla ciddi mesafe kaydetmesine rağmen sahip olduğu siyasidinamikler nedeniyle önemli kısıtları da bulunduğunu ortayakoymaktadır

China's Soft Power Strategy vis-a-vis Increasing Threat Perceptions: Policies and Limitations

China is recently being perceived both as a threat and an opportunity with its booming economy and increasing political visibility on a global scale. Perceived as a land of opportunities in economic terms, China cannot be ignored in political terms in the strategic planning of 2050 with its increasing expenditure on military technology and vast population. Based on the lessons learned from Cold War Dynamics, China discovered "soft power" initially in its intellectual sphere and then inter- nalized this phenomenon in the political elites' discourse in order to weaken the above-mentioned perception of threat. Parallel to this discourse, this study examines Chinese soft power, its shortcomings and strengths within the framework of Nye's three pillars of soft power consisting of culture, for- eign policy and political values. Comparing these spheres, the study argues that in spite of crucial improvements in the cultural sphere, Chinese soft power is still in an embryonic phase due to the political dynamics of its regime.

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