Devletin Kurumsal Dönüşümü: Orta Asya Cumhuriyetleri Perspektifinden

Devlet-toplum, devlet-piyasa etkileşimi anlamında devletin rolü ve ekonomi içerisindeki ağırlığı, hem konuyla ilgili teorik görüşler açısından, hem fiili olarak devamlı bir dönüşüm içerisindedir. Bu dönüşüm ve değişim, reformlar gibi bilinçli çabanın sonucu olabileceği gibi, iktisadi ve toplumsal yapıyı oluşturan kurumların etkisiyle de meydana gelebilir. Global reform hareketlerine bakıldığında devlet ve iktisadi rolü, reformların anahtar unsuru olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Sosyalizm sonrası piyasa ekonomisine geçiş yapmaya çalışan Orta Asya ülkelerinde devlet-piyasa ilişkisini tanımlayan reformlar oldukça farklı sonuçlar üretmiştir. Gerek bu farklılıklar gerek reformların sonuçlarında başarısızlıklar, değişimi yönlendiren enformel ve formel kurumların dikkate alınmamasından kaynaklanmıştır. Bu çalışma, yeni kurumcu iktisadın analitik araçlarından da faydalanarak, Orta Asya ülkelerinde devletin yapısal dönüşümünü, dönüşümün kurumsal yapılarını ve ne derece değişim ya da geçmiş yapıyla bağlantılı bir direnç yaşandığını anlamaya çalışmaktadır.

The Institutional Change of the Government: From the Perspective of Central Asian Republics

The role of government and its share in economy are transformed with regard to both theoretical views and the practice. This transformation and change can occur as a result of the impact of institutions which constitute economic and societal structure or results from deliberative efforts such as reforms. With respect to global reform movements, the government and its economic role appear as key elements of reforms. In Central Asian countries which can be described as 'transition economies' from socialism to market economy, reforms that modify state-market relations have produced considerably various results compared to other transition economies. Both this diversity and the failure of reforms stem from the fact that formal and informal institutions managing the change have been ignored. This paper intends to examine the structural transformation of the states in Central Asia countries by using analytical tools of new institutional economics.

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