Türkiye ile Latin Amerika Ülkeleri Arasındaki Yolsuzluk, Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım ve Ticari Özgürlük İlişkisi

Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar (DYY), her zaman yüksek düzeyde ticari açıklık ve özgürlük ortamı ile ve daha düşük kurumsal yolsuzluk vakası ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Çünkü siyasi istikrar ve kurumsal şeffaflıkta bir dalgalanma olduğunda yüksek düzeyde uluslararası sermaye hareketliliğinin, yabancı yatırımcıları daha temkinli hale getirdiği varsayılmaktadır. Çoğu Amerikan ülkesi (Kanada ve ABD hariç), önemli düzeylerde yolsuzluğa yol açan ve sonuçta belirgin şiddet düzeyi ve hatta eşitsizlik olgusu gibi diğer ciddi sorunlara yol açan kurumsal ve bürokratik prosedürlerinde her zaman şeffaflık eksikliği ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma Türkiye ve Amerika ülkeleri arasında doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar üzerinde yolsuzluk endeksleri, ticari açıklık ve enflasyon oranları değişkenlerinin pozitif veya negatif etkisi olup olmadığını araştırmaktadır. Bu ekonometrik modeli analiz etmek için OECD, COMTRADE, TUIK, Heritage Foundation, UNCTAD ve Dünya Bankası Veritabanı’ndan bilgi toplanmıştır. Gözlemlenen veriler on yıla (2005-2014) tekabül etmektedir ve sadece 14 Amerika ülkesi ve Türkiye'den örneklem alınmıştır.Mevcut çalışmanın ampirik sonuçları, ticari açıklık endeksi ile DYY arasında pozitif bir korelasyon olduğunu ortaya koymuştur; yolsuzluk endeksi, enflasyon ve DYY arasında pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Yolsuzluk endeksindeki artış, doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişinde %41'lik bir artışa neden olmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım, Ticaret Özgürlüğü, Ekonomik Özgürlük, Yolsuzluk, Kurumsal Şeffaflık

Corruption, FDI, and Trade Freedom Relationship Between Turkey and Latin American Countries

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been always associated with a high level of trade openness and freedom environment, and with a lower incidence of institutional corruption. Because it is assumed that a high level of international capital mobility makes foreign investors more cautious when there is a fluctuation in political stability and institutional transparency. Most American countries (except Canada and the USA) have been always related to a lack of transparency in their institutional and bureaucratic procedures, which conduct to important levels of corruption and in consequence, to other serious issues such as prominent level of violence, or even the inequality phenomena. This study investigates whether the variables of corruption indices, trade openness and inflation rates have positive or negative effects on FDI between Turkey and American countries. For analyzing this econometric model, it was gathered information from OECD, COMTRADE, TUIK, Heritage Foundation, UNCTAD, and the World Bank Database. The observed data correspond to a decade (2005-2014) and were only taken a sample of 14 American countries.The empirical results of the present study revealed that there is a positive correlation between the trade openness index and FDI; and, it was found a positive correlation between corruption index, inflation, and FDI. The increase in the corruption index causes a 41% increase in FDI inflow.

Keywords:

Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Freedom, Economic Freedom, Corruption, Institutional Transparency,

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