KÜÇÜK VE ORTA ÖLÇEKLİ İŞLETMELERDE ULUSLARARASILAŞMA: KÜRESEL DOĞAN İŞLETMELERİN SÜREÇ, STRATEJİ VE ÖRGÜTSEL YETKİNLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler ile çok uluslu işletmelerin uluslararasılaşmaları, bu işletmelerin gerek yapısal gerekse kaynak erişimlerindeki farklılıklar nedeniyle birbirine benzer olmayan süreçler izlemektedir. Uppsala modelinin öncülüğünü yaptığı ve yenilikçi ve ağ kurma yaklaşımları ile devam eden küçük işletme uluslararasılaşma yaklaşımları, bu firmaların yavaş ve kademeli bir uluslararasılaşma sürecinden geçtiğini öngörmektedir. Bu aşamaları izlemeyerek kuruldukları ilk günlerden itibaren uluslararası pazarlara hitap eden küresel doğan işletmeler, özellikle son yirmi yıldır giderek artan sayıda kuramsal ve ampirik çalışmaya konu olmaktadır. Konu çalışmada, bu firmaların ortaya çıkışları ve süreçleri ile birlikte, uluslararası pazarlarda rekabet avantajı elde etmelerini sağlayan pazara giriş ve rekabet stratejileri ile örgütsel yetkinlikleri mercek altına alınmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, bu işletmelerin rekabet ve pazara giriş stratejilerinin içsel özelliklerine göre heterojenlik gösterebildiğini, buna karşın yenilikçi ve girişimci kültüre sahip olma, yüksek teknoloji kullanımı, yönetim becerileri yüksek küresel vizyona sahip kurucular ve pazarlama ve öğrenme başta olmak üzere örgütsel yetkinliklerini geliştirme kapasitesi gibi ortak özellklerinin sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı elde etmelerinde önemli rol oynadığını ortaya koymaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Küresel doğan işletmeler, uluslarasılaşma, rekabet stratejisi, pazarlama stratejisi, örgütsel yetkinlik, uluslararası girişimcilik, uluslararası işletmecilik

INTERNATIONALIZATION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES: AN EVALUATION ON PROCESSES, STRATEGIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL CAPABILITIES OF GLOBAL BORN ENTEPRISES

Internationalization processes of small and medium sized enterprises differ greatly from large multi national companies due to their significant structural and resource availability variances. Traditional internationalization models led by Uppsala, innovative and networking models prescribe a slow and gradual internationalization process for small and medium sized companies. Theoretical and empirical studies focusing on global born enterprises, defined as the businesses that are open to international markets right from their inception, therefore do not follow this prescribed path, gained pace particularly within the last two decades. Current study focuses on processes and factors that infleunce the emergence of these economic units, as well as competitive strategies, preferences and organizational capabilities which enable them to gain sustainable global competitive advantage. Results of the study indicate that while global born enterprises can be heterogeneous in terms of market entry and competitive strategies, they share some common characterisitics, including an innovative and entrepreneurial company culture, high technology utilization, founders with a global vision and the capacity to develop organizational capabilities

Keywords:

Global born enterprises, internationalization, marketing strategies, competitive strategies, organizational capabilities, international entrepreneurship, international management,

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