Kadınların Meme Kanseri Bilgisinin Beslenme Durumu ve Yaşam Biçimlerine Olan Etkisinin Risk Analizi ile İncelenmesi

Amaç: Dünyada ve ülkemizde kadınlarda görülen meme kanseri insidansı son yıllarda hızla artmaktadır. Özellikle artan obezite ve sedanter yaşam şekli bu konuda en önemli risk faktörü olarak görülmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, hastanede çalışan kadınların meme kanseri konusundaki bilgi ve davranışlarının, beslenme durumları ve yaşam biçimlerine olan etkisinin risk analizi ile değerlendirilmesidir. Bireyler ve Yöntem: Araştırmada, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hastanesi’nde destek hizmetlerinde çalışan, 160 kadın (20 yaş ve üzeri) çalışma kapsamına alınmış ve çalışma 155 kişi ile tamamlanmıştır. Kesitsel tipteki bu araştırmada, kadınların meme kanseri risk faktörleri, erken tanı ve tarama yöntemleri hakkındaki bilgi ve davranışları ile birlikte beslenme bilgi ve alışkanlıklarını ölçen bir anket formu uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcıların antropometrik ölçümleri ve vücut kompozisyonu ölçümleri biyoelektrik impedans analizi (BİA) ile alınmıştır. Kadınların meme kanseri risk analizi Cuzick Tyrer modeline göre değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan 155 kadının %81.4’ünün, meme kanseri erken tanı ve tarama yöntemleri konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Kadınlar arasında erken tarama yöntemlerinden en sık başvurulan yöntemin ‘kendi kendine muayene’ yöntemi olduğu (%47.7), bunu sırasıyla klinik meme muayenesi (%30.3) ve mamografinin (%31.0) takip ettiği saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte katılımcıların çoğunun (%60.2) bu yöntemlerden hiçbirini uygulamadığı görülmüştür. Kadınların %63.9’unda beden kütle indeksinin (BKİ) 25 kg/m2< olduğu ve BKİ>25 kg/m2 olan kadınlarda vücut yağ yüzdesinin %39.06±7.29 olduğu bulunmuştur. Kadınların %67.1’inin egzersiz yapma alışkanlığının olmadığı saptanmıştır. Cuzick-Tyrer modeline göre yaşam boyu meme kanseri riski yüksek olanların sıklığı %34.2 olarak bulunmuştur. Her gün zeytinyağı ve meyve sebze tüketenlerin sıklığı sırasıyla %98.7 ve %95.5 olarak saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Kadınların çoğu meme kanserinde erken tanı ve tarama yöntemlerinin önemi konusunda bilgi sahibi olsa da, davranışa yansıtmada halen yetersizlik olduğu görülmektedir. Yaşam boyu tarama testlerinin uygulanması, obezitenin önlenmesi, fiziksel aktivitenin artırılması, riski azaltan besinlerin seçimi, sigara ve alkol gibi risk faktörlerinin azaltılması temel önlemlerdir.

Determining the Effect of Breast Cancer Knowledge on Nutritional Status and Lifestyle by Risk Analysis

Aim: In recent years, the incidence of breast cancer among women is increasing rapidly. The increase in obesity prevalence and sedentary lifestyle are the reported major risk factors. The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and behaviors of women working in hospital about breast cancer and effects on nutritional status and lifestyles by risk analysis. Subjects and Method: Total of 160 women (20 years and older) working in the support services at the Dokuz Eylül University Hospital were included in the study and study was completed on 155 women. In this cross-sectional study, the knowledge and attitudes about the risk factors of breast cancer, methods of early detection and screening, as well as nutritional knowledge and dietary habits were determined by a questionnaire.Anthropometric measurements were taken and body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).Breast cancer risk analysis of women was evaluated according to Cuzick Tyrer model. Results: It was found that 81.4% ot the women had sufficient knowledge about early detection and screening methods of breast cancer. ‘Breast self-examination’ (47.7%) was the most common screening method among women, followed by clinic breast examination (30.3%) and mammography (31.0%). However, most of the participants (60.2%) did not apply to any of these methods. Body mass index (BMI) was higher than 25 kg/m2 in 63.9% of the women and mean body fat percentage was 39.06%±7.29 in women with a BMI>25 kg/m2. However, 67.1% did not have a regular exercise habit. According to CuzickTyrer model, the lifetime breast cancer risk was 34.2%. The frequency of daily olive oil and vegetable-fruit consumption was 98.7% and 95.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Although the majority of women are aware of the importance of early detection and screening methods in breast cancer, implementation of these methods is still lacking. Application of lifelong screening tests, obesity prevention, increasing physical activity, selection of foods that reduce risk, reducing risk factors such as smoking and alcohol are the basic measures.

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Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-3089
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1972
  • Yayıncı: Türkiye Diyestisyenler Derneği