The United States Of America's Policies Towards Turkish Straits

Öz One of the oldest, most persistent and important problems in European History and İnternational Law is the "Question of the Straits". More than twenty treaties in modern times mention the Turkish Straits. Five of these treaties were made exclusively to regulate passage through these waters: The London Agreement, 1841; Paris Straits Convention, 1856; London Convention, 1871; Lausanne Straits Convention, 1923; and the Treaty of Montreux, 1936. Phillipson and Buxton affirm that one of the causes of the First World War was the Straits problem.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

The United States Of America, Turkish Straits, Ottoman, Turkey, History

PDF

___

ALTUĞ, YILMAZ, Turkey and some Problems of international law İstanbul 1957.

BAKER RAY S. AND DODD WİLLİAM E. The Ruplic Papers oF Woodrow Wilson 3 vols.

BRUEL, ERİK, International Straits. A Treatise in International Law 2 vols.

BYRNES, JAMES F. Speaking Frankly, New York: The Macmillen to Company 1947.

BILSEL, CEMİL. Türk Boğazları, İstanbul 1951.

EVERSLEY. G. J. SHAW-LEFEVRE, The Turkish Empire from 1908-1914 and from 1914 to 1922 by Sir Valentine Chirol, London: T.P.Unwin Ltd. 1923.

GORDON, LİNCOLN J.American Relations with Turkey 1830-1930: An economic Interpretation Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1932.

HACKWORTH, G.H. Digest of International Law. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1940, Vol.I.

HOWARD, HARRY N. The Partition of Turkey: A Diplomatic History 1913- 1923, Norman Oklahoma, 1931.

KORFF, SERGEİ ALEKSANDROVİCH. Russia and Turkey University of Buffalo Studies. Buffalo April 1923. Vol. III.

LANSİNG, ROBERT. The Peace Negotiations. Boston: Houghton Nifflın Co. 1921.

MALLOY, WİLLİAM M. Treaties, Conventions, International Acts, Protocols and Agreements between the United States of America and Other Powers 1776- 1909. Washington: Government Printing Office 1910. Vol. 2.

MİLLER, DAVİD H. My Diary at the Conference of Baris with Documents New York: Appeal Printing Company, 1928, Vol. II.

MİLLER, DAVİD H.Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America, Washington: Government Printing Office 1933 Vol. III.

MOORE, JOHN BASSETT. A.Di of International Law Washington: Government Printing Office 1906. vol. I.

PHİLİPSON C. AND BUXTON M. The Question of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles, London Harper 1917.

SEİGOBOSC, HENRİ. Turcs et Turquie Paris: Payctacie. 1920.

SEYMOUR, CHARLES. The Intimate Papers of Colonel House arrenged as a Narrative. Boston and New York. Mifflin Company. Vols. III. and IV.

SHOTWELL, JAMES T. FRANCİS DEAK. Turkey at the Straits New York. Macmillan company. 1940.

WEBSTER, DONALD M. The Turkey of Ataturk Philadelphie: The American Academy of Political and Social Science 1939.

WOODS, HENRY C. The Dangerzone of Europe, Changes and Problems in the Near East. Boston, Little, Brown. 1911.

Bilsel, Cemil. "Turkish Straite in the light of recent Turkish Soviet Russian Correspondence" American Journal of International Law XL(1947), 427-47.

Esmer, Ahmed S. "The Straits: Crux of World Politica" Foreign Affairs, XXV (1947), 290-302.

Henderson, Loy W. "The Objectives of United States policy in the Near and Middle East" Middle East Journal I, (1947)

Howard, Harry N. "An American Experiment in Peace making: The King-Crane Commission" Moslem World April 1942.

Howard, Harry N. "The United States and the Problem of the Turkish Straits" Middle East Journal I, ( 1946).

Pedelford, Norman J. "Solutions to the Problem of the Turkish straits: A Brief Appraisal" Middle East Journal ll, (1949).

Somogyi, Joseph de. "The Question of Turkish Straits" Journal of Central European Affairs XI. October 1951.

Wahle, Louis B. "International Administration of Buropean Inland Waterways" American Journal of International Law XI (1946).

Great Britain, Foreign Office, British and Foreign State Papers, 1825-26 Vol.XIII. London: Harrison and Son, Lancaster Court Strand, 1827.

Great Britain, Foreign Office, British and Foreign State Papers. Vol. XV. 1827-28 London: Harrison and Son Lancaster Court Strand, 1829.

Hansard, Parliamentary Debates (new series) House of Commons Vol. 419. (1946).

TURKEY Muahedelerimiz Ankara: Milli Eğitim Basımevi 1940.

Turkey, Turkish Embassy Press Relaasei No: 1 Washington February I, 1946.

U.S. Department of State Bulletin of October 28, 1945; November II, 1945; april 21, 1945 and November 3, 1946 Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

U.S. Department of State Papers relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States (1868)II, (1871); (1895) II; (1923) II, Washington D.C.

U.S. Department of State, Press Release No: 6 January 10, 1945.

U.S. Department of State, The Problem of the Turkish Straits Publication 2752 Near Eastern Series 5 Washington: Government Printing Office 1947.