Ioannes Chrysostomus’un Düşüşü: Doğu Roma Başkentinde Din ve Politika

Geç Roma İmparatorluğu’nda, din ve politika ayrılmaz bir ikili oluşturmuşlardır. Bu, sadece İmparatorluğun Hıristiyanlaşmaya başladığı IV. yüzyılın ilk çeyreği ve sonrasındaki bir faktör değil, esas kökleri Hıristiyanlaşma öncesinde bulunan bir olgudur. Esasen, pagan Roma’da, imparatorun Pontifex Maximus (=baş rahip) statüsüne sahip olması, (ve ayrıca kişiliğinin tanrısal bir niteliğe sahip olması), imparatorun, Hıristiyanlaşma süreci içerisinde, kilise işlerine müdahale etmesinin yasal çerçevesini oluşturmaktadır. İmparatorluk ile kilise arasındaki bu tür ilişkiler, aslında Constantinus’tan (306-337) önce başlar1. Ancak, hem doğrudan imparatorun, hem de saray yetkililerinin kilise işlerinde aktif olarak yer almaya başlamaları Constantinus ve sonrası dönemde ortaya çıkan bir faktördür. Bununla birlikte, IV. yüzyılda iktidarda bulunan Constantinus, oğlu II. Constantius (337-61) ve I. Theodosius (379-95) gibi güçlü imparatorlar, saray yetkililerinin kilise politikalarında belirgin bir şekilde görünür hale gelmelerini gölgelemişlerdir. 395’de Theodosius’un ölümü üzerine yerine geçen genç oğullarının (Doğu’da Arcadius, Batı’da Honorius) döneminde, onların gençliği ve tecrübesizliğinden dolayı, özellikle Doğu’da bürokrasi hem devletin iç ve dış politikalarında, hem de kilise ile ilişkilerinde çok daha fazla ön plana çıkmıştır.

The Fall of Ioannes Chrysostomus: Religion and Politics in the Capital of the Eastern Roman Empire

Ioannes Chrysostomus was ordained as the bishop of Constantinopolis with the full support of the court bureacracy in AD. 397. However, in a short time after the ordination he was at trial before an episcopal synod organised by the imperial back up. How this had happened? This paper attempts to explore the reasons behind the fall of Chrysostomus. My suggestions for the bishop's fall are as follows: a- As Chrysostomus was a reformist figure, his attempts to redesign the church of Constantinopolis and its dependent institutions created problems. b- The increasing power of Chrysostomus frightened the bureacracy because the bishop had played an important intermediary. c- The aim of Chrysostomus to remodel the society of the capital in the ideal Christian manner led to the reaction among the upper class women. d- Chrysostomus' relationships with the western church increased the tension in the eastern capital, where the court was careful to avoid any western intervention. Also the diplomacy between Alexandria and Constantinopolis worked at the expense of Chrysostomus.

Keywords:

Ioannes Chrysostomus, Eastern Roman Empire, Religion Politics,

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