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Eski Asur Maden Ticareti; Yoğunluğu ve Etkileşimleri

Bu makale, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından desteklenen bir yurt dışı doktora sonrası araştırma projesinin bazı sonuçlarını içermektedir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, çok sayıda Kültepe belgesinde kayıtlı metaller ve metal ticareti ile ilgili bazı konulara açıklık getirmektir. Kültepe metinlerinde kayıtlı gümüş, altın, kalay, bakır, demir, kurşun, antimon madenleri ve bronz alaşımı 12 binden fazla belgeden oluşan, bir çoğu henüz yayımlanmamış bir veri tabanında taranmıştır. Bu metallerle ilgili, onların ticari yoğunlukları, kaynakları, nihai ulaşım yerleri, türleri, kaliteleri ve çoğunlukla gümüş karşısındaki fi yatları gibi bütün bilgiler toplanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Örneğin Kültepe metinleri içinde yapılan taramalarda altın madeni ile ilgili şu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: Belgelerde kayıtlı toplam altın miktarı 480 kg’dır. Bu miktar içinden, Anadolu’dan Asur’a taşınan altının sadece 92 kg olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Asurlu tüccarlar altını özellikle Wahšušana, Purušhattum ve Šalatuwar şehirlerinden elde etmişlerdir. Altının gümüş karşısındaki fi yatı 3 1/3 šeqel ila 15 šeqel arasında değişmektedir. En değerli altın türü liqtum-altınıdır, en ucuz altın türü ise HU.SÁ, yani kırmızı altındır. Ancak en çok tercih edilen altın cinslerinin pašallum ve kupuršinnum altınları olduğu görülmektedir.

Old Assyrian Metal Trade, its Volume and Interactions

The subject of this study consists of some consequences of a research project which was supported by The Scientifi c and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). In the scope of this project, all metals that attested in Kultepe texts have been evaluated. The main target of this research is to fi nd answers to some questions related to the metals and metal trade, which are recorded in a wide range of Kultepe texts. The attestations of gold, silver, tin, iron, copper, lead, antimony and bronze alloy have been searched in a database which includes more than 12 thousand Kultepe texts most of which are unpublished. Each of the information related to these metals, such as their volumes, origins, fi nal destinations, kinds, qualities, and prices against mostly silver has been gathered and evaluated. For example, the following results about the gold have been gained by the research in Kultepe text: The total weight of gold in all available texts is about 480 kg. Out of this sum, only about 92 kg of gold was shipped from Anatolia to Assur. Assyrian traders gained the gold mainly from the Anatolian cities of Wahšušana, Purušhattum and Šalatuwar respectively. The price of gold against silver ranges from 1:3 1/3 to 1:15. The most precious kind of gold attested in the texts is liqtum and the cheapest one is HU.SÁ (red) gold. On the other hand, the most demanded or common kinds of gold were pašallum and kupuršinnum.

Keywords:

Old Assyrian, Ancient Anatolia, Colony Period, Commerce Metals,

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