Sarıkaya Yusuf, Mehmet Boyacı, Tahsin İlhan, Abdullah Aldemir

Benliğin Farklılaşması Envanteri Kısa Formunun (BFE-KF) Türkçe ’ye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Bu çalışmanın amacı benliğin farklılaşması envanteri kısa formunun Türkçe’ye uyarlanarak geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerinin gerçekleştirilmesidir. Araştırma grubu üniversite öğrencileri ve yetişkinlerden oluşan 20 - 64 yaş arası katılımcılardan oluşturulmuştur. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve % 27’lik alt-üst grup arasındaki farkın manidarlığı ile incelenmiştir. Uyum geçerliğinin test edilmesinde benlik saygısı, sürekli kaygı ve otantikliğe ilişkin ölçümlerden yararlanılmıştır. Güvenirlik analizleri ise iç tutarlık ve iki hafta süreli test tekrarı yöntemleriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda kabul edilebilir sınırlarda uyum iyiliği değerlerine ulaşılmış ve BFE-KF’nin dört bileşenli yapısı doğrulanmıştır. Yüzde 27’lik alt-üst grup farkının manidarlığına ilişkin bağımsız örneklem t testi ve MANOVA sonuçlarına göre, ölçek puanları benliğin farklılaşma düzeyi yüksek ve düşük gruplarda anlamlı şekilde farklılaşmaktadır. Ayrıca korelasyon analizlerinden elde edilen sonuçlar da ölçeğin uyum geçerliğini sağladığını göstermiştir. Cronbach alfa iç tutarlık katsayısı .82 olarak bulunmuştur. Bulgular, Benliğin Farklılaşması Envanteri Kısa Formunun geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Benliğin farklılaşması, benlik, aile terapisi

Adaptation of the Differentiation of Self Inventory Short Form (DSI-SF) to Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study

The aim of this study is to adapt the Different Formation of Self Inventory Short Form to Turkish and to conduct validity and reliability analyzes. The research group consisted of university students and adults aged from 20 to 64. The structure of the scale was validated by confirmatory factor analysis and the significance of the difference between the 27% upper and lower groups. Self-esteem, trait anxiety, and authenticity metrics were used to the convergent validity. Reliability analyzes were conducted with internal consistency and two-week test repetition methods. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness of fit values was reached at the acceptable limits and the four-component structure of DSI-SF was verified. According to the results of the independent sample t test and MANOVA on the difference of the 27% upper and lower group difference, scale scores differ significantly in the low and high levels of self-differentiation. Moreover, the results obtained from the correlation analyzes show that the scale provides convergent validity. The Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient was .82. Findings show that is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Keywords:

Differentiation of self, self, family therapy,

PDF

___

Xue, Y., Xu, Z. Y., Zaroff, C., Chi, P., Du, H., Ungvari, G. S., ... & Xiang, Y. T. (2016). Associations of differentiation of self and adult attachment in individuals with anxiety‐related disorders. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. Doi: 10.1111/ppc.12200
Wood, A., Linley, P., Maltby, J., Baliousis, M. & Joseph, S. (2008). The authentic personality: A theoretical and empirical conceptualization and the development of the authenticity scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55, 385-399.
Wei, M., Vogel, D. L., Ku, T. Y., & Zakalik, R. A. (2005). Adult attachment, affect regulation, negative mood, and interpersonal problems: The mediating roles of emotional reactivity and emotional cutoff. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(1), 14-24.
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Sloan, D., & van Dierendonck, D. (2016). Item selection and validation of a brief, 20-item version of the Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revised. Personality and Individual Differences, 97, 146-150.
Skowron, E. A., & Dendy, A. K. (2004). Differentiation of self and attachment in adulthood: Relational correlates of effortful control. Contemporary Family Therapy, 26(3), 337-357.
Skowron, E. A., & Schmitt, T. A. (2003). Assessing interpersonal fusion: Reliability and validity of a new DSI fusion with others subscale. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29(2), 209-222.
Skowron, E. A., & Friedlander, M. L. (1998). The differentiation of self-inventory: Development and initial validation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 235–246. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.45.3.235.
Schmitt, D. P., & Allik, J. (2005). Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in 53 nations: Exploring the universal and culture-specific features of global self-esteem. Journal of personality and social psychology, 89(4), 623.
Sandage, S. J., Jankowski, P. J., Bissonette, C. D., & Paine, D. R. (2017). Vulnerable narcissism, forgiveness, humility, and depression: Mediator effects for differentiation of self. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 34(3), 1-11
Sandage, S. J., & Jankowski, P. J. (2013). Spirituality, social justice, and intercultural competence: Mediator effects for differentiation of self. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37(3), 366-374.
Ross, A. S., Hinshaw, A. B., & Murdock, N. L. (2016). Integrating the relational matrix: attachment style, differentiation of self, triangulation, and experiential avoidance. Contemporary family therapy, 38(4), 400-411.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Peleg, O., & Zoabi, M. (2014). Social anxiety and differentiation of self: A comparison of Jewish and Arab college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 68, 221-228.
Peleg, O. (2002). Bowen theory: A study of differentiation of self and students’ social anxiety and physiological symptoms. Contemporary Family Therapy, 25, 355–369
Öner, N., & Le Compte, A. (1983). Durumluk - Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri el kitabı [State - Trait Anxiety Inventory Handbook]. İstanbul: Boğaziçi University Publications.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill
Murdock, N. L. (2014). Psychological counseling and psychotherapy theories. Ankara: Nobel Academic Publishing.
McCollum, E. E. (1991). A scale to measure Bowen's concept of emotional cutoff. Contemporary Family Therapy, 13(3), 247-254
MacCallum, R. C., Brown, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1, 130-149. doi: 10.1037//1082-989x.1.2.130
Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P. (1988). Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 391-410. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.103.3.391
Licht, C., & Chabot, D. (2006). The Chabot Emotional Differentiation Scale: A theoretically and psychometrically sound instrument for measuring Bowen's intrapsychic aspect of differentiation. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 32(2), 167-180.
Lampis, J., Busonera, A., Cataudella, S., Tommasi, M., & Skowron, E. A. (2017). Psychometric Properties of an Italian Version of the Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revised (It-DSI-R). Journal of Adult Development, 24(2), 144-154.
Lampis, J., Cataudella, S., Busonera, A., & Skowron, E. A. (2017). The role of differentiation of self and dyadic adjustment in predicting codependency. Contemporary Family Therapy, 39(1), 62-72.
Lam, C. M., & Chan‐So, P. C. (2015). Validation of the Chinese Version of Differentiation of Self Inventory (CDSI). Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 41(1), 86-101.
Krycak, R. C., Murdock, N. L., & Marszalek, J. M. (2012). Differentiation of self, stress, and emotional support as predictors of psychological distress. Contemporary Family Therapy, 34(4), 495-515.
Kerr, M. E., & Bowen, M. (1988). Family evaluation. New York: Norton.
Kear, J. (1978). Marital satisfaction and attraction as a function of differentiation of self. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology, Fresno.
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1988). LISREL 7: A guide to the program and applications. Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.
İlhan, T., & Özdemir, Y. (2013). Otantiklik Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Adapting the Authenticity Scale to Turkish: Validity and reliability study]. Journal of Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance, 4 (40), 142-153.
Işık, E., & Bulduk, S. (2014, April). Benliğin Ayrımlaşması Ölçeğinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [The validity and reliability study of the Differentiation of Self Inventory for university students]. Paper presented at the First Eurasian Educational Research Congress. Istanbul University Congress Center, Istanbul.
Işık, E., & Bulduk, S. (2015). Psychometric properties of the differentiation of self-inventory revised in Turkish adults. Journal of marital and family therapy, 41(1), 102-112.
Hu, L. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
Hainlen, R. L., Jankowski, P. J., Paine, D. R., & Sandage, S. J. (2016). Adult attachment and well-being: Dimensions of differentiation of self as mediators. Contemporary Family Therapy, 38(2), 172-183.
Haber, J. (1993). A construct validity study of a differentiation of self-scale. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice, 7(3), 165-178.
Gladding, S. T. (2013). Counseling: A comprehensive profession. (7th Edition). Pearson Higher Ed.
Favre, D., Reynaud, C., & Caussidier, C. (2012). Three motivation systems but only one self-esteem? S. D. Wals & K. Meszaros (Eds.), Handbook on psychology of self-esteem, 61-80. Nova Science Publishers.
Drake, J. R., Murdock, N. L., Marszalek, J. M., & Barber, C. E. (2015). Differentiation of self-inventory—short form: development and preliminary validation. Contemporary Family Therapy, 37(2), 101-112.
DeVellis, R. F. (2012). Scale development: Theory and applications (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
Çuhadaroğlu, F. (1986). Adolesanlarda Benlik Saygısı [Self-esteem in adolescents]. Unpublished Expertise Thesis, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara.
Choi, S. W., & Murdock, N. L. (2017). Differentiation of self, interpersonal conflict, and depression: the mediating role of anger expression. Contemporary Family Therapy, 39(1), 21-30.
Chabot, D. (1993). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Chabot Emotional Differentiation Scale. Unpublished manuscript, Fordham University, New York.
Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: Guilford.
Bowen, M. (1985). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York: Jason Aronson.
Bowen, M. (1976). Theory in the practice of psychotherapy. P. J. Guerin, Jr. (Ed.), Family therapy: Theory and practice, 42-90. New York: Garner Press.
Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York, NY: Wiley.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness-of-fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606. doi:10.1037/0033- 2909.88.3.588
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246. doi:10.1037/ 0033-2909.107.2.238