BAKIRÇAY HAVZASI’NDA RUSLE MODELİ KULLANARAK EROZYON RİSKİNİN DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Bu çalışmanın amacı Bakırçay Havzası’nda suya bağlı toprak kaybı miktarını belirlemek ve erozyon risk durumu ortaya koyarak güncel arazi kullanımı/örtüsü ile ilişkisini değerlendirmektir. Araştırmada toprak kaybı miktarı Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation -RUSLE yöntemi kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. RUSLE yöntemi kapsamında parametrelerin elde edilmesinde karelaj yöntemine göre belirlenen 108 noktadan temin edilen ve laboratuvar analizleri gerçekleştirilen toprak numuneleri, sayısal yükseklik modeli ve yağış verileri Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi CBS teknikleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Arazi kullanımı/örtüsü durumunun tespitinde Temmuz 2013 tarihli 30m mekânsal çözünürlüğe sahip LANDSAT Operational Land Imager OLI uydu görüntüsü kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Bakırçay Havzası’nda suya bağlı toprak kaybı miktarının, yüksek eğim değerlerine sahip, ormansızlaşmanın fazla olduğu havza tabanını çevreleyen dağlık kütleler üzerinde en yüksek değerlere ulaştığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca Soma çevresindeki açık ocak işletmeciliğine bağlı madencilik faaliyetlerinin gerçekleştirildiği sahalarda erozyon riskinin çok yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mevcut arazi kullanımı/örtüsü faaliyetlerine göre toprak kaybının değerlendirilmesi ile erozyon miktarının ormanlık alanların tahribi ile meydana gelen ekili-dikili sahalar ve mera-çalı arazilerinde artmaya başladığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sahasında, madencilik ve tarımsal faaliyetlerin yol açacağı arazi örtüsü değişiminin toprak kaybı riskinin artmasına neden olacağı olası görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda özellikle havza planlama ve yönetimi çalışmalarında toprak kaybı riski dikkate alınarak karar vericiler bu durumu göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Erozyon Riski, RUSLE, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi, Bakırçay Havzası

Erosion Risk Assessment Using Rusle Model in Bakırçay Basin

The aim of the study is to determine the amount of water-related soil loss in the Bakırçay Basin which is located west part of Anatolia and to evaluate the relation between the current land use / cover and the erosion risk situation. In this paper the soil loss model Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation-RUSLE was used to quantify soil loss in the basin. Soil samples obtained from the 108 field plot has been determined according to the gird method and analyzed in the laboratory, digital elevation model for LS factor and precipitation data were analyzed with Geographic Information System GIS techniques. LANDSAT Operational Land Imager OLI satellite image with a spatial resolution of 30m of July 2013 was used to determine existing land use / land cover situation of the study area. According to the results of the research, it is found that the amount of soil loss due to water in the Bakırçay Basin has reached the highest values on the mountainous masses surrounding the basin floor, which has high slope values and high deforestation. In addition, the risk of erosion in areas where mining activities carried around Soma has been found to be very high. Depending on the continuation of the change in the land due to the mining and agricultural activities, it is possible that the risk of soil loss increases. In this context, the risk of soil loss should be taken into account, especially in watershed planning and management studies, and decision makers should consider this situation

Keywords:

Erosion Risk, RUSLE, Geographic Information Systems, Bakırçay Basin,

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