BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER YOLSUZLUKLA MÜCADELE SÖZLEŞMESİNİN SINIRLARI: BATI BALKAN ÜLKELERİNDE YOLSUZLUKLA MÜCADELE POLİTİKALARININ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ

Bu makalede, Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) Yolsuzlukla Mücadele Sözleşmesi (2003) çerçevesinde Arnavutluk, Bosna-Hersek, Karadağ, Kosova, Kuzey Makedonya ve Sırbistan’ın yolsuzlukla mücadele politikaları karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmektedir. İlgili sözleşmeye atıfla i) önleyici politikaların benimsenmesi ve uygulanması, (ii) yolsuzlukla mücadele biriminin oluşturulması, (iii) kamu görevlilerinin uyması gereken ilkelerin benimsenmesi, (iv) partilerin finansmanına ilişkin tedbirlerin alınması ve (v) kamu alımlarına ilişkin ilkelerin benimsenmesi, önleyici tedbirleri üzerinden bölge ülkeleri karşılaştırılmaktadır. Yolsuzlukla mücadele kapsamında gerekli yasal önlemler alınmış ve kurumsal yapılanmalar tamamlanmış olmakla beraber, bu değişikliklerin uygulamada bir karşılığının olmadığı ve bölgede bir dönüşümün gerçekleşmediği görülmektedir. BM çerçevesinin; hukukun üstünlüğü, yargı bağımsızlığı ve kurumsal kapasite konularındaki yapısal sorunlar nedeniyle bölgenin kronik sorunu olan yolsuzlukla mücadelede yeterince etkili olamadığı ortaya çıkmaktadır.

THE LIMITS OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST CORRUPTION: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICIES IN THE WESTERN BALKAN COUNTRIES

This article provides a comparative analysis of the anti-corruption policies in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Serbia within the framework of the United Nations (UN) Convention against Corruption (2003). With reference to the relevant Convention, countries in the region are compared in their preventive measures: (i) the adoption and implementation of preventive policies, (ii) the establishment of an anti-corruption unit, (iii) the adoption of the principles that public officials must comply with, iv) taking measures for the financing of parties and (v) the adoption of the principles for public procurement. Although necessary legal measures have been taken and institutional structures have been established within the scope of the fight against corruption, it is observed that these changes have no equivalent in practice in a way that no transformation has taken place in the region. The UN framework is not effective enough to combat the region’s chronic challange of corruption due to structural problems in the rule of law, independence of the judiciary and institutional capacity.

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