Fazıl HACIMÜFTÜOĞLU, Mustafa Yıldırım CANBOLAT

Polivinil Alkol Uygulamasının Toprak Fiziksel Özellikleri ve Mısır Bitkisi (Zea mays L.) Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi

Bu araştırma, yapay organik polimerlerden polivinil alkol (PVA)’ün kaba, orta ve ince bünyeli topraklara ilavesinin, toprak strüktür stabilitesi ve mısır bitkisinin (Zea mays L.) gelişimi üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, 0-20 cm toprak derinliğinden alınan yüzey toprak örnekleri kullanılmıştır. Laboratuvar koşullarında yürütülen saksı denemesinde polivinil alkol ilaveli ve ilavesiz toprak örnekleri üzerinde sürdürülen 60 günlük bitki yetiştirme periyodu sonunda toprağın fiziksel özelliklerinden, kütle yoğunluğu, agregat stabilitesi, dispersiyon oranı, ortalama ağırlık çapı ve su geçirgenliği tayin edilmiştir. Denemede yetiştirilen mısır bitkisinin biyokütle özelliklerinden bitki boyu, gövde çapı, yaş ve kuru ağırlık parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre, PVA ilavesinin toprak kütle yoğunluğunda, dispersiyon oranında, ortalama ağırlık çapında azalmaya, agregat stabilitesinde ve su geçirgenliğinde artışa neden olduğu kaydedilmiştir. Diğer taraftan PVA uygulamasının mısır bitkisinin; uzunluğu, gövde çapı, yaş ve kuru ağırlık değerleri üzerinde dolaylı olarak olumlu etkilerde bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Polivinil alkol (PVA), Toprak strüktürü

The Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol Application on Soil Physical Properties and Development of Corn Plants (Zea mays L.)

This study was conducted to determine the effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), an artificial organic polymer, addition to coarse, medium and fine textured soils on soil structure stability and development of corn (Zea mays L.). In the research, surface soil samples taken from 0-20 cm soil depth were used. In pot experiments conducted in laboratory conditions, at the end of 60 days plant growing period on soil samples with and without polyvinyl alcohol addition, physical properties of the soil, such as bulk density, aggregate stability, dispersion rate, average weight diameter and water permeability were determined. From the biomass characteristics of the corn plant grown in the experiment, the plant height, stem diameter, wet and dry weight parameters were determined. The results of this study indicated that the addition of PVA resulted in a decrease in soil mass density, dispersion rate, average weight diameter, and increase in aggregate stability and water permeability. On the other hand, it has been also found that PVA application had indirectly positive effects on length, stem diameter, wet and dry weight values of the corn plant grown, accordingly.

Keywords:

Aggregate stability polyvinylalcohol (PVA), soil structure,

PDF

___

Abd El-Rehim, H.A., Hegazy, E.S.A., and Abd El-Mohdy, H.L., 2004. Radiation synthesis of hydrogels to enhance sandy soils water retention and increase plant performance. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 93(3): 1360-1371.
Aksakal E., Oztas T., 2010. Polivinilalkol, hümik asit ve poliakrilamid uygulamalarının strüktürel stabilite ve toprak kayıpları üzerine etkileri. III. Ulusal Karadeniz Ormancılık Kongresi 20-22 Mayıs 2010, Artvin, Cilt: III s: 953-962.
Amezketa, E., 1999. Soil aggregate stability: A review. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 14(2/3): 83-151.
Barry, P.V., Stott, D.E., Turco, R.F., and Bradford, J.M., 1991. Orcanic polymers’ effect on soil shear strength and detachment by single raindrops. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55(3): 799-804.
Ben-Hur, M., and Keren, R., 1997. Polymer effects on water infiltration and soil aggregation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 61(2): 565-570.
Blake, G.R. and Hartge, K.H., 1986. "Methods of Soil Analysis." Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical methods. Agronomy, (2): 366-375.
Bryan, R.B., 1968. The development, use and efficiency of indices of soil erodibility. Geoderma, (2): 5-25.
Chan, K.Y., Heenan, D.P., So, H.B., 2003. Sequestration of carbonand changes in soil quality under conservation tillage on light-textured soils in Australia: A review. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. (43): 325–334.
Charman P., Murphy B., 2007. Soils: Their properties and management, third ed. Oxford University Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 461.
Demiralay İ., 2013. Toprak Fiziksel Analizleri. Atatürk Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Ders Yayınları No: 143
Dodd, K., Guppy, C.N., Lockwood, P., and Rochester, I., 2004. Comparison of applications of sand and polyacrylamide for separating the impact of the physical and chemical properties of sodic soils on the growth and nutrition of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Supersoil 2004: Proceedings of the 3rd Australian New Zealand Soils Conference, 5–9 December. University of Sydney, Australia.
Gee, G.W. and Bauder, J.W., 1986. "Particle-size analysis. Methods of soil analysis." Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods. 2nd edition. Agronomy, 383-411.
Han X., Chen S., Hu X., 2009. Controlled-release fertilizer encapsulated by starch/polyvinylalcohol coating. Science Direct. Desalination, (240): 21-26.
Heitner, H.I., 1994. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, (In eds, Kroschwitz, J.I., and Howe-Grant, M.) 4th edn., vol 11. John Wiley&Sons, pp:61.
Hernandez H., Maldonado A.J., Mendoza A.B., Ortiz H.O., Pliego G.C., Aspeytia D.S. and Morales S.G., 2018. Chitosan-pva and copper nanoparticles ımprove growth and overexpress the sod and ja genes in tomato plants under salt stress. Agronomy, 8(9): 175.
Inyang, H.I., and Bae, S., 2005. Polyacrylamide sorption opportunutiy on interlayer and external pore surfaces of contaminant barrier clays. Cheemosphere, (58): 19-31.
Kacar B., 2014. Kolay Uygulanabilir Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Yayınları, 60 s.
Karaman Rüştü M., Brohi Reşit A., Müftüoğlu Mücella N., Öztaş T., Zengin M., 2012. Sürdürülebilir Toprak Verimliliği. Koyulhisar Zir. Odası Yay., No:1
Kemper, W.D. and Rosenau, R.C., 1986. Aggregate stability and size distribution. Methods of soil analysis. Physical and mineralogical methods. 2nd edition. Agronomy, 425-442.
Klute, A. and Dirksen, C., 1986. Hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity: Laboratory methods. Methods of soil analysis. Physical and mineralogical methods. 2nd edition. Agronomy, 687-734.
Lal, R., 1988. "Soil erosion research methods." Soil And Water Conservation Society. Ankeny, Iowa USA.
Lal, R., 1991. Soil structure and sustainability. J. Sustain. Agric., (1): 67-92.
Lal, R., 2015. Restoring soil quality to mitigate soil degradation. Sustainability, (7): 5875–5895.
Lua C. and Choub L., 2016. The applications of biodegradable polymers on soil and water conservation engineering. 2nd International Conference on Advances in Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering.
McLean, E.O., 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. 2nd edition. Agronomy, 199-224.
Nelson, D.W. and Sommers, L.E., 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. 2nd edition. Agronomy, 539-579.
Nelson, R.E., 1982. Carbonate and gypsum. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. 2nd edition. Agronomy, 181-197.
Oades, J.M., 1976. Prevention of crust formation in soils by polyvinyl alcohol. Aust. J. Soil Res. (14):139-148.
Painuli, D.K., and Pagliali, M., 1990. Effect of polyvinyl alcohol, dextran and humic acid on some physical properties of a clay and loam soil. 1. cracking and aggregate stability, Agrochimica, 34(1-2): 117-130.
Rhoades, J.D., 1982. Soluble salts. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. 2nd edition. Agronomy, 167-179.
Sen, K.K., P.B.S., Bhadoria and, B., Datta 1995. Influence of soil conditioners on soil physical properties and maize growth. Tropical Agriculture 72(1): 23-27.
Six, J., Frey, S.D., Thiet, R.K., Batten, K.M., 2006. Bacterial and fungal contributions to carbon sequestration in agroecosystems. Soil Science Society of America Journal, (70): 555–569.
Sivapalan, S., 2002. Potential use of polyacrylamides (PAM) in reclaiming some problem soils. In Williamson, David and Tang, C and Rate, Andrew, Eds. Proceedings Australian Society of Soil Science National Conference, pages pp. 158-159, Perth, Western Australia.
SPSS, 2011. SPSS for Windows, Version 20, SPSS Inc., USA.
Stefanson, R.C., 1973. Polyvinyl alcohol as a stabilizer of surface soils. Soil Sci. 115(6): 420-428.
Tisdall, J.M. and Oades, J.M., 1982. Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils. J. Soil. Sci., (33): 141-163.
USDA, 2001. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Rangeland Soil Quality—Aggregate Stability. Soil Quality Information Sheet 3. Grazing Lands Technology Institute, and National Soil Survey Center, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
Ülgen N. ve Yurtseven N., 1974. Türkiye Gübre ve Gübreleme Rehberi. Toprak ve Gübre Araştırma Enstitüsü Teknik Yayınlar Serisi, 28, Kemal Matbaası.
Young, I.M., Blanchart, E., Chenu, C., Dangerfield, M., Fragoso, C., Grimald, M., Ingram, J., Monrozier, L.J., 1998. The interaction of soil biota and soil structure under global change. Glob. Change Biol., (4): 703–712.