Erzurum Kent Halkının Kış Aylarında Rekreasyonel Taleplerinin Belirlenmesi

Kentleşme hareketlerine bağlı olarak kentsel mekanlarda nüfus yoğunluğu giderek artmaktadır. Bu süreçte kentsel açık yeşil alanlar kent sağlığı, kent ekolojisi ve kent estetiği açısından önem kazanmıştır. Bu alanların kentteki dağılımları, büyüklükleri, donatıları, estetik, ekolojik ve işlevsel özellikleri kadar yıl boyu kent halkına hizmet vermeleri de önemlidir. Erzurum kentinde kış ayları çok soğuk ve uzun olduğu için insanlar uzun süre kapalı mekanlarda yaşamak zorunda kalmaktadır. Bu durum kent merkezinde ve yakın çevresindeki rekreasyonel alanlara olan istekleri arttırmaktadır. Kent halkının dış mekan kullanımlarındaki seçimleri, bu alanlarda hangi rekreasyonel tesisleri istedikleri, alışveriş merkezlerine gidiş nedenleri, uygun dış mekan düzenlemelerinin olması durumunda mekan kullanım isteklerinin hangi yönde olacağı gibi eğilimleri belirlemek amacıyla bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Anketler Şubat ve Mart 2018 aylarında bire bir yapılmıştır. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda kent merkezindeki parkların yeterli olmadığı (%78,8) sonucuna varılmıştır. Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu (%86.4) kış aylarında dış mekanda yapacak çok fazla etkinlik olanağı olmadığı için alışveriş merkezlerini daha çok kullandıkları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yaşam mekanları yakınında istenilen dış mekan alan kullanımlarına bakıldığında ise katılımcıların %36.1’i park alanlarını ve %23.1’i kışın kullanabilecekleri kapalı çocuk oyun alanları istenmektedir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda kent parklarından özellikle kış aylarında da yararlanılmasına yönelik soğuk iklim bölgelerinde yıl boyu peyzajın kullanılabileceği yeni peyzaj tasarımlarına ihtiyaç duyulduğu fikri üzerinde durulmuştur.

Determination of Recreational Demands of Erzurum City People in Winter

Population density is increasing in urban areas due to urbanization movements. In this process, urban green areas have gained importance in terms of urban health, urban ecology and urban aesthetics. It is also important that these areas serve for the city population all year long, as well as their distribution, size, equipment, aesthetics, ecological and functional characteristics. Since the winter months are long and extreme in Erzurum, people have to live in closed areas for a long time. This situation increases the demand for recreational areas in the city center and its surroundings. A survey was conducted in order to determine the tendencies in which the urban people used their outdoor uses, which recreational facilities they wanted in these areas, the reasons for going to shopping centers, the direction of use of space in case of appropriate outdoor arrangements. The surveys were conducted one by one in February and March 2018. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the parks in the city center were not sufficient (78.8%). The majority of the participants (86.4%) stated that they prefer shopping centers because there is not much activity to do outside in the winter months. 36.1% of the participants demand parking spaces near living spaces and 23.1% of them require indoor playgrounds for children to use in winter. As a result of the research, it was emphasized the necessity of the closed landscape parks in the cold climate regions for the use of urban parks especially in winter months.

___

  • Baştürk, Ö. (2015). Peyzaj tasarım kriterleri açısından, açık mekanlarda insan-çevre etkileşimi (Doctoral dissertation, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Bolund, P., & Hunhammar, S. (1999). Ecosystem services in urban areas. Ecological economics, 29(2), 293-301.
  • Boone, C. G., Buckley, G. L., Grove, J. M., & Sister, C. (2009). Parks and people: An environmental justice inquiry in Baltimore, Maryland. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 99(4), 767-787.
  • Bowler, D. E., Buyung-Ali, L., Knight, T. M., & Pullin, A. S. (2010). Urban greening to cool towns and cities: A systematic review of the empirical evidence. Landscape and urban planning, 97(3), 147-155.
  • Breuste, J., Haase, D., & Elmqvist, T. (2013). Urban landscapes and ecosystem services. Ecosystem services in agricultural and urban landscapes, 83-104.Chen, W. Y., & Jim, C. Y. (2010). Resident motivations and willingness-to-pay for urban biodiversity conservation in Guangzhou (China). Environmental management, 45(5), 1052-1064.
  • Coolen, H., & Meesters, J. (2012). Private and public green spaces: meaningful but different settings. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 27(1), 49-67.Gill, S. E., Handley, J. F., Ennos, A. R., & Pauleit, S. (2007). Adapting cities for climate change: the role of the green infrastructure. Built environment, 33(1), 115-133.
  • Guzman, L. A., Oviedo, D., & Rivera, C. (2017). Assessing equity in transport accessibility to work and study: The Bogotá region. Journal of Transport Geography, 58, 236-246.
  • Heilig, G. K. (2012). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2011 Revision. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), Population Division, Population Estimates and Projections Section.
  • Irmak, MA, Yılmaz, S., Mutlu, E., ve Yılmaz, H. (2018). Farklı ağaç türlerinin kentsel mikroklima üzerindeki etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Çevre Bilimi ve Kirliliği Araştırmaları, 1-21.
  • Jim, C. Y., & Chen, W. Y. (2008). Assessing the ecosystem service of air pollutant removal by urban trees in Guangzhou (China). Journal of environmental management, 88(4), 665-676.
  • Kabisch, N., & Haase, D. (2014). Green justice or just green? Provision of urban green spaces in Berlin, Germany. Landscape and Urban Planning, 122, 129-139.
  • Kabisch, N., Qureshi, S., & Haase, D. (2015). Human–environment interactions in urban green spaces—A systematic review of contemporary issues and prospects for future research. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 50, 25-34.
  • Konijnendijk, C. C., Annerstedt, M., Nielsen, A. B., & Maruthaveeran, S. (2013). Benefits of urban parks. A systematic review. A Report for IFPRA, Copenhagen & Alnarp.
  • Kuo, F. E., Bacaicoa, M., & Sullivan, W. C. (1998). Transforming inner-city landscapes: Trees, sense of safety, and preference. Environment and behavior, 30(1), 28-59.
  • Lafortezza, R., Carrus, G., Sanesi, G., & Davies, C. (2009). Benefits and well-being perceived by people visiting green spaces in periods of heat stress. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 8(2), 97-108.
  • Maas, J., Verheij, R. A., Groenewegen, P. P., De Vries, S., & Spreeuwenberg, P. (2006). Green space, urbanity, and health: how strong is the relation?. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 60(7), 587-592.
  • Martin, C. A., Warren, P. S., & Kinzig, A. P. (2004). Neighborhood socioeconomic status is a useful predictor of perennial landscape vegetation in residential neighborhoods and embedded small parks of Phoenix, AZ. Landscape and Urban Planning, 69(4), 355-368.
  • McPherson, E. G. (1992). Accounting for benefits and costs of urban greenspace. Landscape and Urban Planning, 22(1), 41-51.
  • Mensah, C. A., Andres, L., Perera, U., & Roji, A. (2016). Enhancing quality of life through the lens of green spaces: A systematic review approach. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(1).
  • Nowak, D.J., 1994. Air pollution removal by Chicago’s Urban forest, In: McPherson, E.G, D.J, Nowak and R. A. Rowntree. Chicago’s Urban Forest Ecosystem: Result of the Chicago’s Urban Forest Climate Project, USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, NE-186: 63-81.
  • Özer, S., Irmak, M.A., Yılmaz, H., (2008). Determination of roadside noise reduction effectiveness of Pinus slyvestris L. and Populus nigra L. İn Erzurum, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.
  • Patel,V., Flisher,A.J.,Hetrick, S., &McGorry, P.(2007).Mentalhealthof youngpeople: A global public-health challenge. Lancet, 369(9569), 1302–1313.
  • Rigolon, A., & Flohr, T. L. (2014). Access to parks for youth as an environmental justice issue: access inequalities and possible solutions. Buildings, 4(2), 69-94.
  • Simpson, J. R. (2002). Improved estimates of tree-shade effects on residential energy use. Energy and Buildings, 34(10), 1067-1076.
  • Skár, M., & Krogh, E. (2009). Changes in children’s nature-based experiences near home: From spontaneous play to adult-controlled, planned and organised activities. Children’s Geographies, 7(3), 339–354.
  • Strohbach, M. W., & Haase, D. (2012). Above-ground carbon storage by urban trees in Leipzig, Germany: Analysis of patterns in a European city. Landscape and Urban Planning, 104(1), 95-104.
  • Talen, E., & Anselin, L. (1998). Assessing spatial equity: an evaluation of measures of accessibility to public playgrounds. Environment and planning A, 30(4), 595-613.
  • Tian, Y., Jim, C. Y., & Wang, H. (2014). Assessing the landscape and ecological quality of urban green spaces in a compact city. Landscape and urban planning, 121, 97-108.
  • Turner, W. R., Nakamura, T., & Dinetti, M. (2004). Global urbanization and the separation of humans from nature. Bioscience, 54(6), 585–590.
  • URL-1. https://www.arkeolojikhaber.com
  • URL-2. www.erzurum.bel.tr/IcerikDetay-erzurum_tarihi/19/l.htlm
  • Whiteford, H. A., Degenhardt, L., Rehm, J., Baxter, A. J., Ferrari, A. J., Erskine, H. E., et al. (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet, 382(9904), 1575–1586.
  • Xiao, Y., Wang, Z., Li, Z., & Tang, Z. (2017). An assessment of urban park access in Shanghai–Implications for the social equity in urban China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 157, 383-393.
  • Yao, L., Liu, J., Wang, R., Yin, K., & Han, B. (2014). Effective green equivalent—A measure of public green spaces for cities. Ecological indicators, 47, 123-127.
  • Yılmaz, H., Irmak, M.A., 2012. Yerleşke Planlamasında Bitkisel Tasarım İlkeleri; Atatürk Üniversitesi Yerleşkesi Örneği. Atatürk Üniversitesi Yayınları, 192, Erzurum.
  • Yilmaz, H., Yildiz, N. D., & Yilmaz, S. (2008). Effects of snow-reflected light levels on human visual comfort. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 144(1-3), 367-375.
Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-9036
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: AVES Yayıncılık