Gıda güvenliği açısından su ürünlerinde mikroplastik riski ve araştırma yöntemleri

Son yıllarda artan plastik kullanımı ve yanlış geri dönüşüm politikaları ekosistemde plastik atıkların birikmesine neden olmuştur. Sucul ekosistemdeki canlılar üzerindeki etkilerinin görülmesiyle birlikte plastik kirliliğiküresel bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Ortamda farklı fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik etkenlerden dolayı mikroplastiklere (MP’lere) ve nanoplastiklere (NP’lere) parçalanan plastikler, besin zincirine girerek insan sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Yaygın plastik kirliliğinin bir sonucu olarak, mikroplastikler ve nanoplastikler zooplanktonlardan, balıklara, kabuklu su ürünlerinden deniz memelilerine kadar birçok farklı canlı tarafındanyutulmaktadır. Su ürünlerinin bünyelerine giren mikroplastikler canlı dokuda sindirilip, doku ve organlararasında yer değiştirebilmektedir. Bununla birlikte su ürünleri işleme teknolojilerinde yer alan bazı aşamalarda mikroplastik kontaminasyon kaynağı olabilmektedir. Mikroplastiklerin neden olduğu fiziksel, kimyasalve biyolojik toksisite etkileri henüz tam olarak bilinmemektedir. İleride yapılacak olan çalışmalarda, tüketicisağlığı açısından işlenmiş su ürünlerindeki mikroplastiklerin kaynağının ve bulaşma yollarının incelenip belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu derlemede, sucul ekosistemlerden besin zincirine giren mikroplastikleringıda güvenliği açısından işlenmiş ürünlerdeki riskleri tartışılıp, bu araştırma alanındaki mikroplastiklerinidentifikasyonu ve sayımı için analitik yöntemler incelenmiştir.

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