___

Abdel-Rahman, G., Sultan, Y.Y., Hassoub, M.A., Marrez, D.A. (2020). Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of the blue green alga Microcystis aeruginosa extracts against human cancer cell lines and foodborne bacteria. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 63(10), 4095-4105. https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2020.42714.2862

Alverca, E., Andrade, M., Dias, E., Bento, F.S., Batoreu, M.C.C., Jordan, P., Silva, M.J., Pereiraa, P. (2009). Morphological and ultrastructural effects of microcystin-LR from Microcystis aeruginosa extract on a kidney cell line. Toxicon, 54(3), 283-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.04.014

Atasever-Arslan, B., Yilancioglu, K., Kalkan, Z., Timucin, A.C., Gür, H., Isik, F.B., Deniz, E., Erman, B., Cetiner, S. (2016). Screening of new antileukemic agents from essential oils of algae extracts and computational modeling of their interactions with intracellular signaling nodes. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 83, 120-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.001

Babica, P., Kohoutek, J., Bláha, L., Adamovský, O., Maršálek B. (2006). Evaluation of extraction approaches linked to ELISA and HPLC for analyses of microcystin-LR, -RR and -YR in freshwater sediments with different organic material contents. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 385, 1545-1551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0545-8

Bagu, J.R., Sykes, B.D., Craig, M.M., Holmes, C.F. (1997). A molecular basis for different interactions of marine toxins with protein phosphatase-1. Molecular models for bound motuporin, microcystins, okadaic acid, and calyculin A. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272, 5087-5097. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.8.5087

Birungi, G., Li, S.F. (2009). Determination of cyanobacterial cyclic peptide hepatotoxins in drinking water using CE. Electrophoresis, 30(15), 2737-2742. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.200900030

Bittner, M., Štern, A., Smutná, M., Hilscherová, K., Žegura, B. (2021). Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cyanobacterial and algal extracts-microcystin and retinoic acid content. Toxins (Basel), 13(2), 107-132. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13020107.

Bryant, D.A. (1994). Gene nomenclature recommendations for green photosynthetic bacteria and heliobacteria‖. Photosynthesis Research, 41, 27-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02184142

Campos, A., Vasconcelos, V. (2010). Molecular mechanisms of microcystin toxicity in animal cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11, 268-287. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11010268

Carmichael, W.W. (1994). The toxins of cyanobacteria. Scientific American, 270(1), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0194-78

Chen, H., Zhao, J., Li, Y., He, L.X., Huang, Y.J., Shu, W.Q., Cao, J., Liu, W.B., Liu, J.Y. (2018). Gene expression network regulated by DNA methylation and microRNA during microcystin-leucine arginine induced malignant transformation in human hepatocyte L02 cells. Toxicology Letters, 289(1), 42-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.003

Chong, M.W.K., Gu, K.D., Lam, P.K.S., Yang, M., Fong, W.F. (2000). Study on the cytotoxicity of microcystin-LR on cultured cells. Chemosphere, 41, 143-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00402-6

Cines, D.B., Pollak, E.S., Buck, C.A., Loscalzo, J., Zimmerman, G.A., McEver, R.P., Pober, J.S., Wick, T.M., Konkle, B.A., Schwartz, B.S., Barnathan, E.S., McCrae, K.R., Hug, B.A., Schmidt, A-M., Stern, D.M. (1998). Endothelial cells in physiology and in the pathophysiology of vascular disorders. Blood, 91(10), 3527-3561. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V91.10.3527

Dias, E., Andrade, M., Alverca, E., Pereira, P., Batore´u, M.C., Jordan, P., Silva, M.J. (2009). Comparative study of the cytotoxic effect of microcistin-LR and purified extracts from Microcystis aeruginosa on a kidney cell line. Toxicon, 53, 487-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.01.029

Entfellner, E., Freil, M., Christiansen, G., Deng, L., Blom, J., Kurmayer, R. (2017). Evolution of anabaenopeptin peptide structural variability in the cyanobacterium Planktot-hrix. Frontier in Microbiology, 8, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00219

Faassen, E.J., Lürling, M. (2013). Occurrence of the microcystins MC-LW and MC-LF in dutch surface waters and their contribution to total microcystin toxicity. Marine Drugs, 11(7), 2643-2654. https://doi.org/10.3390/md11072643

Foroh, M.O. Mahrouz, D. (2016). The effect of cyanobacteria Nostoc. Sp Isc 113 polysaccharide on the proliferation and adhesion of endothelial cells to repair the vessel, Journal Of Animal Physiology And Development, 9(33), 1-11.

Fosse, J.H., Haraldsen, G., Falk, K., Edelmann, R. (2021). Endothelial cells in emerging viral infections. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 8, 95. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.619690

Gutiérrez-Praena, D., Pichardo, S., Jos, A., Moreno, F.J., Cameán, A.M. (2012). Alterations observed in the endothelial HUVEC cell line exposed to pure cylindrospermopsin. Chemosphere, 89(9), 1151-1160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.023

Gutiérrez-Praena, D., Guzmán-Guillén, R., Pichardo, S., Moreno, F.J. (2019). Cytotoxic and morphological effects of microcystin-LR, cylindrospermopsin, and their combinations on the human hepatic cell line HepG2. Environmental Toxicology, 34, 240-251. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.22679

Harke, M.J., Steffen, M.M., Gobler, C.J., Otten, T.G., Wilhelm, S.W., Wood, S.A., Paerl, H.W. (2016). A review of the global ecology, genomics, and biogeography of the toxic cyanobacterium, Microcystis sp. Harmful Algae, 54, 4-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2015.12.007

Herrera, N., Herrera, C., Ortíz, I., Orozco, L., Robledo, S., Agudelo, D., Echeverria, F. (2018). Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of three microcystin-LR containing cyanobacterial samples from Antioquia, Colombia. Toxicon, 154, 50-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.09.011

Karjalainen, M., Engstrom-Ost, J., Korpinen, S., Peltonen, H., Paakkonen, J.P., Ronkkonen, S., Suikkanen, S., Viitasalo, M. (2007). Ecosystem consequences of cyanobacteria in the northern Baltic Sea. Ambio, 36, 195-202. https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447

Khalid, M.N., Shameel, M., Ahmad, V., Shahzad, S., Leghari, S. (2010). Studies on the bioactivity and phycochemistry of Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanophycota) from Sindh. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42, 2635-2646.

Kim, S.K., Chojnacka, K. (2015). Marine Algae Extracts Processes, Products, and Applications, Wroclaw: Wiley-VCN, p. 227-346, ISBN: 9783527337088

Kotak, B.G., Lam, A.K., Prepas, E.E., Kenefi, S.L., Hrudey, S.E. (1995). Variability of the hepatotoxin, microcystin-LR, in hypereurophic drinking water lakes. Journal Phycology, 31, 248-263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1995.00248.x

Krüger-Genge, A., Blocki, A., Franke, R.P., Jung, F. (2019). Vascular endothelial cell biology: an update. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(18), 4411-4433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184411

Kurmayer, R. (2011). The toxic cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. strain 152 produces highest amounts of microcystin and nostophycin under stress conditions. Journal of Phycology, 47, 200-207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00931.x

Laude, K., Thuillez, C., Richard, V. (2001). Coronary endothelial dysfunction after ischemia and reperfusion: a new therapeutic target? Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 34(1) 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2001000100001

Lawton, L.A., Edwards, C., Codd, G.A. (1994). Extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of microcystins in raw and treated waters. Analyst, 11(9), 1525- 1530. https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9941901525

Moreno, I.M., Maraver, J., Aguete, E.C., Leao, M., Gago-Martínez, A., Cameán, A.M. (2004). Decomposition of microcystin-LR, microcystin-RR, and microcystin-YR in water samples submitted to in vitro dissolution tests. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry, 52(19), 5933-5938. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0489668

Paiva, L., Lima, E., Neto, A.I., Baptista, J. (2017). Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, antioxidant properties, phenolic content and amino acid profiles of Fucus spiralis protein hydrolysate fractions. Marine Drugs, 15(10), 311-329. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15100311

Pearson, L., Mihali, T., Moffitt, M., Kellmann, R., Neilan, B. (2010). On the chemistry, toxicology and genetics of the cyanobacterial toxins, microcystin, nodularin, saxitoxin and cylindrospermopsin. Marine Drugs, 8, 1650-1680. https://doi.org/10.3390/md8051650

Pırıldar, S., Sütlüpınar, N., Atasever, B., Erdem-Kuruca, S., Papouskova, B., Šimánek, V. (2010). Chemical constituents of the different parts of Colchicum baytopiorum (Liliaceae) and their cytotoxic activities on K562 and HL60 cell-lines. Pharmaceutical Biology, 48(1), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880200903029373

Piyathilaka, M.A.P.C., Pathmalal, M.M., Tennekoon, K.H., De Silva, B.G.D.N.K., Samarakoon, S.R., Chanthirika, S. (2015). Microcystin-LR-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human embryonic kidney and human kidney adenocarcinoma cell lines. Microbiology, 161, 819-828. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000046

Plate, K.H., Breier, G., Risau, W. (1994). Molecular mechanisms of developmental and tumor angiogenesis. Brain Pathology, 4, 207-218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3639.1994.tb00835.x

Rajendran, P., Rengarajan, T., Thangavel, J., Nishigaki, Y., Sakthisekaran, D., Sethi, G., Nishigaki, I. (2013). The vascular endothelium and human diseases. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 9(10), 1057-1069. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.7502

Ramanan, S., Tang, J., Velayudhan, A. (2000). Isolation and preparative purification of microcystin variants. Journal of Chromatography A, 883(1-2), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00378-2

Ramos, D.F., Matthiensen, A., Colvara, W., Votto, A.P.S., Trindade, G.S., Silva, P.E.A., Yunes, J.S. (2015). Antimycobacterial and cytotoxicity activity of microcystins. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases, 21(9), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40409-015-0009-8

Silva-Stenico, M.E., Kaneno, R., Zambuzi, F.A., Vaz, M.G., Alvarenga, D.O., Fiore, M.F. (2013). Natural products from cyanobacteria with antimicrobial and antitumor activity. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 14(9), 820-828. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201014666131227114846

Singh, S., Kate, B.N., Banerjee, U.C. (2005). Bioactive compounds from cyanobacteria and microalgae: An overview. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 25, 73-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/07388550500248498

Singhal, A.K., Symons, J.D., Boudina, S., Jaishy, B., Shiu, Y.T. (2010). Role of endothelial cells in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Vascular Disease Prevention, 7, 1-14. http//: doi: 10.2174/1874120701007010001

Stanier, R.Y., Kunisawa, R., Mandel, M., Cohen-Bazire, G. (1971). Purification and properties of unicellular blue-green algae (order Chroococcales). Bacterological Reviews, 35, 171-205.

Svobodova, H., Jost, P., Stetina, R. (2012). Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluation of antidote HI-6 tested on eight cell lines of human and rodent origin. General Physiology and Biophysics, 31(1), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.4149/gpb_2012_010

Tillett, D., Dittmann, E., Erhard, M., Döhren, H., Börner, T., Neila, B. (2000). Structural organization of microcystin biosynthesis in Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806 an integrated peptide–polyketide synthetase system. Chemistry & Biology, 7(10), 753-764. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1074-5521(00)00021-1

Tonk, L., Visser, P.M., Christiansen, G., Dittmann, E., Snelder, E.O., Wiedner, C., Mur, L.R., Huisman, J. (2005). The microcystin composition of the cyanobacterium Planktothrix agardhii changes toward a more toxic variant with increasing light intensity. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71, 5177-5181. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.9.5177-5181.2005

Wang, L., Chen, G., Xiao, G., Han, L., Wang, Q., Hu. T. (2020). Cylindrospermopsin induces abnormal vascular development through impairing cytoskeleton and promoting vascular endothelial cell apoptosis by the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. Environmental Research, 183, 109236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109236

Wei, N., Hu, L., Song, L., Gan, N. (2016). Microcystin-bound protein patterns in different cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa and field samples. Toxins, 8(10), 293-310. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8100293

Welker, M., von Dohren, H. (2006). Cyanobacterial peptides-nature’s own combinatorial biosynthesis. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 30, 530-563. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00022.x

Yu, H., Clark, K.D., Anderson, J.L. (2015). Rapid and sensitive analysis of microcystins using ionic liquid-based in situ dispersive liquid-liquid microextracton. Journal of Chromatography A, 1406, 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.075

Zegura, B., Sedmak, B., Filipic, M. (2003). Microcystin-LR induces oxidative DNA damage in human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Toxicon, 41(1), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0041-0101(02)00207-6

Zhong, Q., Sun, F., Wang, W., Xiao, W., Zhao, X., Gu, K. (2017). Water metabolism dysfunction via renin-angiotensin system activation caused by liver damage in mice treated with microcystin-RR. Toxicology Letters, 273(5), 86-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.03.019