Adlî olgularda mesiodistal ve bukkolingual diş boyutlarından cinsiyet tespitinin geçerliliğinin saptanması

Ölümle sonuçlanan bir olayda araştırmanın ilk aşaması kimliklendirmedir. Adlî olgularda kimliklendirme çoğunlukla görsel yöntemlerle gerçekleştirilse de cesedin tanımlanamaz olduğu durumda, bu mümkün olmaz. Özellikle vücut bütünlüğünün bozulduğu, ileri derecede çürümenin gerçekleştiği ya da sadece iskeletin ele geçirilebildiği durumlarda kimliklendirme farklı disiplinlerin bir arada çalışmasını gerektirir. Kimliklendirmenin ilk aşaması cinsiyetin saptanmasıdır. Tüm iskelet elimizde olduğunda belirgin seksüel farklılıklar içeren kemiklerin varlığında rahatlıkla gerçekleştirilen cinsiyet tayini, özellikle pelvis ve kafatası parçalarının yokluğunda zorlu bir süreç haline gelir. Dişler dirençli yapıları gereği patlama, yangın ve benzeri zorlu koşulların olduğu olaylarda elimizde kalan tek delil olma özelliği taşımaktadır. Diş örneklerinden cinsiyet tayini, odontometri ve DNA analizleri ile gerçekleştirilir. Odontometri ile doğru sonuç alma oranı toplumda diş boyutlarında gözlenen seksüel dimorfizm oranı ile ilişkili olup, değişik toplumlarda farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada amaç Türkiye’de diş boyutlarında tespit edilmiş seksüel dimorfizm oranının adlî vakalarda uygulanabilirliğini DNA analizleri ile test etmektir. Ankara Hastanesi, 75. Yıl Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Merkezi’nde çekilmiş 110 diş örneği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen odontometrik analiz sonuçları, Türk toplumu verileri ile kıyaslanmış ve cinsiyetin belirlenmesinde mesiodistal (MD) boyutun erkeklerde %40, kadınlarda %71,67 ve bukkolingual (BL) boyutun da erkeklerde %42, kadınlarda %78,33 başarı oranı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak yaşları, cinsiyet ve sağlık durumları bilinmeyen insanlardan çekilen dişlerde cinsiyet belirlemede odontometrik yöntemin başarı oranının, adlî bilimlerde bu yöntemin kullanılmasına olanak vermeyecek ölçüde düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Authenticity of sex determination from mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth dimensions in forensic cases

Identification is the first step in cases of death investigation. Although it is mostly performed by visual methods in forensic cases, sometimes it is not possible due to the condition of the body. In cases that the body is highly degraded, decomposed or skeletonized, identification becomes a difficult, multidisciplinary procedure. Mostly, the first stage of the identification is sex determination. In the presence of entire skeleton, sex determination is easy due to the bones, that represents high sexual dimorphism but otherwise it is challenging especially in the absence of skull and pelvis. As teeth are the most durable part of our body, in cases of explosion, fire or similarly extreme conditions, they are the only evidence left to be evaluated. Determination of gender from tooth samples is performed with odontometry and DNA analysis. Odontometric sexual dimorphism has been detected at different rates in different populations. The aim of the current study is to evaluate if the sexual dimorphism rates in Turkish population is applicable for forensic cases. The results of the odontometric analysis performed using 110 tooth samples exracted at Ankara Hospital, Oral and Dental Health Center were compared with the Turkish population data, and the success rates in terms of sex determination were found to be 40%, for male and 71.67% for female for the mesiodistal (MD) dimension, and 42% for male and 78.33% for female for buccolingual (BL) dimension. As a result, odontometric analysis performed on tooth samples of unknown age, sex and health status do not give adequate sex determination rates to be used in forensic cases.

Keywords:

Odontometry, sexual dimorphism, DNA, amelogenin, identification forensic sciences, sex determination,

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