ÇEŞİTLİ ANTİBİYOTİK KOMBİNASYONLARININ ACINETOBACTER SUŞLARI ÜZERİNE İN VİTRO ETKİNLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

ellikle son yıllarda invazif tanı ve tedavi yöntemlerinin kullanımının artması ile birlikte geniş spektrumlu antibiyotiklerin yoğun şekilde kullanılması sonucu, Acinetobacter türleri birçok antibiyotiğe karşı çoklu direnç geliştirmiştir. Bu durum hastanede yatan hastalarda klinik bir problem olarak karşımıza çıkmakta ve bu bakterilerle gelişen infeksiyonlarda farklı tedavi seçeneklerinin ve çeşitli antimikrobiyal kombinasyonların kullanımını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen A.baumannii suşlarında kolistin-sulbaktam, imipenem-sulbaktam, imipenem-amikasin ve rifampisin-azitromisin kombinasyonlarının in vitro etkinlikleri yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır.Çalışmaya Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı'na gönderilen çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen, en az üç antibiyotik grubuna direnç gösteren 40 adet çoklu dirençli (MDR) A.baumannii suşu dahil edilmiştir. Suşlar geleneksel yöntemler ve VITEK 2 otomatize sistemiyle tanımlanmıştır. Antibiyotik duyarlılık testleri, Müller-Hinton agarda disk diffüzyon yöntemi ve VITEK 2 otomatize sistem kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş ve sonuçlar Clinical and Laboratory Standarts Institute (CLSI) standartlarına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Bakteriler çalışma gününe kadar -80°C'de saklanmıştır. Kalite kontrol için Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 ve Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 kullanılmıştır. A.baumannii suşlarında kolistin-sulbaktam, imipenem-sulbaktam, imipenem-amikasin ve rifampisin-azitromisin kombinasyonlarının in vitro etkileşimleri gradiyent difüzyon yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır. Kombinasyonun etkinliği, fraksiyonel inhibisyon konsantrasyon (FİK) indeksi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. İlaç ilişkileri ? FİK = 4 ise antagonistik olarak değerlendirilmiştir.Çalışmamızda imipenem-sulbaktam ve imipenem-amikasin kombinasyonlarında antagonizma gözlenmemiş ve sinerji oranları sırasıyla % 15 ile % 7.5 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kolistin-sulbaktam kombinasyonunda sinerji ve antagonizma oranı sırasıyla % 5 ve % 7.5 olarak saptanırken, rifampisin-azitromisin kombinasyonunda her iki oran da %2.5 olarak belirlenmiştir. Buna göre sinerjik etkinin en fazla imipenem-sulbaktam ile imipenem-amikasin kombinasyonlarında olduğu görülürken; antagonizma sadece kolistin-sulbaktam ve rifampin-azitromisin kombinasyonlarında belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte kısmi sinerji en fazla imipenem-sulbaktam kombinasyonunda (% 47.5) saptanmıştır. Aditif etkileşim imipenem-amikasin (% 10) ve rifampisin-azitromisin arasında (% 2.5) tespit edilirken; kolistin-sulbaktam ve imipenem-sulbaktam kombinasyonlarında izlenmemiştir. Etkisizlik tüm kombinasyonlarda en sık görülen etkileşim şekli olup; kolistin-sulbaktam kombinasyonunda % 75 iken, imipenem-sulbaktam'da % 37.5, imipenem-amikasin arasında % 42.5, rifampisin- azitromisin kombinasyonunda % 60 oranlarında saptanmıştır.Sonuç olarak çalışmamızdan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, imipenem-amikasin ve imipenem-sulbaktam kombinasyonlarının MDR A.baumannii'ye karşı yüksek oranda kısmi sinerji ve sinerji oluşturabildiği görülmüş, bu suşlarla oluşan infeksiyonların tedavisinde sinerjik etkileri test edilmek koşuluyla imipenemamikasin ve imipenem-sulbaktam kombinasyonların alternatif bir tedavi oluşturabileceği düşünülmüştür

Investigation of in vitro Effects of Various Antibiotic Combinations Against Acinetobacter Species

Especially in recent years, Acinetobacter spp. gained resistance to almost all antimicrobial agents caused by increased invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and, use of extended spectrum antibiotics. This is an important clinical problem for hospitalized patients and therefore new treatment options such as combination therapy are needed for treatment of infections caused by those bacteria. In this study we aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of colistin- sulbactam, imipenem-sulbactam, imipenem-amikacin and rifampin-azithromycin combinations on multidrug resistant (MDR) A.baumannii strains.In this study 40 A.baumanii strains isolated from various clinical specimens sent from different clinical departments to Atatürk University Medical School Clinical Microbiology Laboratory and resistant to at least three antibiotic groups were included. All isolates were identified by standard methods and VITEK 2 automated system. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton Agar and VITEK 2 automated system and results were interpreted according to the recommendations of Clinical and Laboratory Standarts Institute (CLSI). Species kept frozen at -80°C until tested. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were used for quality control. Gradient diffusion method was used to investigate the in vitro effects of colistin-sulbactam, imipenem-sulbactam, imipenem-amikacin and rifampin-azithromycin combinations on MDR A.baumannii strains. Effect of antibiotic combinations to bacteria was determined by fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. FIC index results were interpreted as follows: Σ FIC ≤ 0.50: synergy, 0.5 < Σ FIC < 1: partial synergy, Σ FIC = 1: additive, 1 < Σ FIC < 4: inefficient, Σ FIC ≥ 4: antagonist.In our study there was no antagonist interaction between imipenem-sulbactam and imipenem- amikacin combination while the synergy ratio was detected as 15 % and 7.5 % respectively in these combinations. The synergistic and antagonistic interaction ratio was 2.5 % for rifampin-azithromycin combinations and 5 %, 7.5 % for colistin-sulbactam combination respectively. According to these results while the highest synergy ratio was detected between imipenem- amikacin combination, antagonist interaction was detected only between colistin-sulbactam and rifampin-azithromycin combination. At the same time the highest partial synergy was observed between imipenem-sulbactam (47.5 %). Additive effect was found between imipenem-amikacin (10 %) and rifampin-azithromycin combinations (2.5 %). In contrast we did not detect additive effect for colistin-sulbactam and imipenem-sulbactam. Inefficient interaction was the most common interaction in whole combinations. And the results were as follows; colistin-sulbactam 75 % imipenem-sulbactam 37.5 %, imipenem-amikacin 42.5 %, rifampinazithromycin 60 % respectively. Finally according to the results of our study, imipenem-amikacin and imipenem sulbactam combinations have been shown to be high partial synergistic and synergistic against MDR A.baumanni species and therefore we suggest that imipenem-amikacin and imipenem sulbactam combinations may be an alternative treatment options for infections caused by to MDR A.baumanni species on the condition that the synergistic effects have been tested

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