Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklar ve Normal Gelişim Gösteren Çocukların Statik ve Hareketli Materyallerde Yüz İşlemelerinin Karşılaştırılması

Öz Sosyal dikkat eksikliği otizm spektrum bozukluğunun temel özelliklerinden biri olmasına rağmen, OSB’li bireylerde bu probleme neden olan faktörler yeterince anlaşılabilmiş değildir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan (OSB) çocukların bilgisayar ekranında kendilerine sunulan statik ve hareketli yüz ifadelerini izlerken sergiledikleri yüz işlemelerini göz izleme tekniği ile incelemek ve normal gelişim gösteren (NG) çocukların yüz işleme örüntüleri ile karşılaştırmaktır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları yaşları 5 ile 12 arasında değişen OSB’li 21 çocuk ile 22 NG'li çocuktur. Araştırmada OSB’li ve NG’li çocuklara bilgisayar ekranında fotoğraf ve video izlettirilerek göz izleme verileri toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında incelenen bağımlı değişken, katılımcı çocukların odaklanma sayısıdır. Araştırma kapsamında uyaran türünün (fotoğraf-video) ve gelişim durumunun (OSB'li grup-NG'li grup) katılımcı çocukların odaklanma sayısı üzerindeki etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları bölge bazında yapılan karşılaştırmalarda OSB’li çocukların NG’li çocuklara göre alt gövde alanında daha fazla odaklandıklarını ve NG’li çocukların da ağız bölgesine OSB’li çocuklardan daha fazla odaklandıklarını göstermiştir. Statik fotoğraf ve dinamik video değişkenlerinin etkisini gösteren sonuçlar ise fotoğraf uyarını koşulunda hem OSB’li hem de NG’li çocukların daha fazla odaklanma sergilediklerini göstermiştir. Araştırma bulguları ilgili araştırmalar doğrultusunda tartışılmış ve ileri araştırmalara yönelik önerilere yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu, göz izleme, yüz işleme, sosyal dikkat

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