ORTA BATI ANADOLU NEOLİTİK ÇAĞ OBSİDİYEN DAĞILIMINDA SOSYAL İLETİŞİM AĞLARININ ROLÜ

Tarihteki en eski takas malzemelerinden biri olan obsidiyen, tarihöncesi yerleşim yerlerinin bir-birleri ile olan iletişimini belirlemede kullanıldığı gibi, bu dönemlerdeki sosyal yaşantının yapısı hakkında da bilgi vermektedir. Söz konusu iletişimin yapısı ve boyutu hakkında takas/ticaret ağları önemli bir bilgi kay-nağını oluşturmaktadır. Obsidiyen kaynak yerleri ile ele geçtiği buluntu yerleri arasındaki mesafelerin tespit edilmesi sonucunda bu ilişki ve takas modelleri de belirlenebilmektedir. Obsidiyen dağılımı, bir dizi iklimsel, coğrafi ve ekolojik koşullar ile sınırlandırılmış olmasına rağmen, aslında ekonomik ve sosyal temellere de dayanmaktadır. Buna göre, her bir takas modeli farklı sosyal organizasyon formları ile ilişkilidir. Bu modelleri belirlemede, buluntu yerlerinin sosyo-ekonomik yapılarının yanı sıra hammadde kaynaklarının kullanımı, üretim organizasyonu ve tüketim alışkanlıkları gibi faktörlerin de incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, obsidiyen dağılımında sosyal iletişim ağlarının rolünün anlaşılması için, Orta Batı Anadolu’da yer alan Neolitik Çağ buluntu yerlerinden ele geçen obsidiyen buluntulardan yararlanılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, söz konusu döneme tarihlenen buluntu yerlerindeki obsidiyen kullanımı ve yerleşimlerin hammadde kaynaklarına olan mesafeleri incelenerek elde edilen bilgiler obsidiyen dağılımında sosyal iletişim ağlarının rolünü belirlemede kullanılmıştır. Böylece, arkeolojik ve etnografik veriler kullanarak, prehistorik yerleşimler arasındaki kompleks takas ve etkileşim ağının varlığı üzerindeki sosyal ve ekonomik etkiler ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS IN NEOLITHIC PERIOD OBSIDIAN DISTRIBUTION IN CENTRAL WESTERN ANATOLIA

Obsidian, as one of the earliest exchange materials in history, gives information about the struc-ture of prehistoric settlements as well as the structure of social life in prehistory. Exchange/trade networks constitute an important source of information about the nature and extent of such communication. By detecting the distances between the obsidian resources and the settlements, relationships between the sites and exchange models can be determined. Obsidian distribution, although limited by a number of climatic, geographic and ecological conditions, is actually based on economic and social foundations too. As a result, each exchange model is associated with different forms of social organization. In determining these models, factors such as the use of raw material resources, organization of production and consumption patterns, as well as the socio-economic features of the settlements should be examined. In order to understand the role of social communication networks in the distribution of obsidian, archaeological studies on obsidian arte-facts from the Neolithic sites in central-western Anatolia were used in this study. For this purpose, the usage of obsidian in the settlements which are dated to the aforementioned periods and the distances of the settlements to the raw material resources were examined and that information was used to determine the role of social communication networks in the distribution of obsidian. Thereby using archaeological and ethnographic data, social and economic impacts on the existence of a complex exchange and interaction network between prehistoric settlements have been revealed.

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