Orta Batı Anadolu Neolitik Çağ Obsidiyen Dağılımında Sosyal İletişim Ağlarının Rolü

Öz Tarihteki en eski takas malzemelerinden biri olan obsidiyen, tarihöncesi yerleşim yerlerinin birbirleri ile olan iletişimini belirlemede kullanıldığı gibi bu dönemlerdeki sosyal yaşantının yapısı hakkında da bilgi vermektedir. Söz konusu iletişimin yapısı ve boyutu hakkında takas/ticaret ağları önemli bir bilgi kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Obsidiyen kaynak yerleri ile ele geçtiği buluntu yerleri arasındaki mesafelerin tespit edilmesi ile birlikte bu ilişki ve takas modelleri de belirlenebilmektedir. Obsidiyen dağılımı, bir dizi iklimsel, coğrafik ve ekolojik koşullar ile sınırlandırılmış olmasına rağmen, aslında ekonomik ve sosyal temellere de dayanmaktadır. Buna göre, her bir takas modeli farklı sosyal organizasyon formları ile ilişkilidir. Bu modelleri belirlemede, buluntu yerlerinin sosyo-ekonomik yapılarının yanı sıra hammadde kaynaklarının kullanımı, üretim organizasyonu ve tüketim alışkanlıkları gibi faktörlerin de incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Obsidiyen dağılımında sosyal iletişim ağlarının rolünün anlaşılması için, bu çalışma kapsamında Orta Batı Anadolu’da yer alan Neolitik Çağ buluntu yerlerinden ele geçen obsidiyen buluntular üzerine yapılan arkeolojik çalışmalardan yararlanılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda söz konusu döneme tarihlenen buluntu yerlerindeki obsidiyen kullanımı, yerleşimlerin hammadde kaynaklarına olan mesafeleri incelenerek elde edilen bilgiler obsidiyen dağılımında sosyal iletişim ağlarının rolünü belirlemede kullanılmıştır. Böylece, arkeolojik ve etnografik veriler kullanarak, prehistorik yerleşimler arasındaki kompleks takas ve etkileşim ağının varlığı üzerindeki sosyal ve ekonomik etkiler ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Obsidiyen, Sosyal İletişim Ağları, Takas, Orta Batı Anadolu, Neolitik

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