IN SEARCH OF A DISTANT PAST: FORMS OF HISTORICAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN HITTITE ANATOLIA

The Hittites of the Old Hittite kingdom could only look back on a relatively short past. With time, however, the kingdom ‘without a past’ could finally look back and relate to a distant past of its own. The following paper will survey some of ways the Hittites came into contact, imagined, and represented their distant past. Hittite historiography, one of the most elaborate and highly developed traditions of its kind in the ancient Near East, was mainly concerned with contemporary history and only marginally engaged with the distant past. The more distant past was the subject of literature rather than of historiography. Both in the form of translated Mesopotamian literature or in local compositions. But it was in ritual action, as documented in the ‘Offering Lists’, that long sequences of past names were preserved and performed, constituting a historical scaffold spanning from the earliest phases of the Old Kingdom to the Empire period. The Old Hittite Kingdom began as a ‘Kingdom without a past’, but with time, the Hittites began to relate and to utilize a distant, sometimes even glorious past of, of their own.

UZAK BİR GEÇMN ARAŞTIRILMASI: HİTİT ANADOLU’SUNDA TARİHSEL BİLİNCİN BİÇİMLERİ

Eski Hitit krallığının Hititleri, göreceli yakın bir geçmişi hatırlayabiliyorlardı. Ancak zamanla, “geçmişi olmayan” krallık geriye bakıp kendine ait uzun bir geçmişi hikaye etmeye başladı. Bu makale, Hititlerin kendi geçmişleriyle kurdukları bağları ve gözlerinde canlandırdıkları uzak geçmişlerini nasıl ele alıp tasvir ettikleri hakkında çeşitli örnekler sunmaktadır. Yakın Doğu’nun en teferruatlı ve gelişmiş geleneklerinden biri olan Hitit tarih yazıcılığı, genellikle hep çağdaş tarihi olaylar üzerine yoğunlaşmış olup uzak geçmişe ait konular çok ender durumlarda ele alınmıştır. Uzak geçmiş, tarih yazıcılığından çok edebi eserlerin konusu olmuştur. Bu konu hem Mezopotamya edebi eserlerinin çevirisinde, hem de yerel kompozisyonlarda ele alınmıştır. Ancak, “Adak Listelerinde” kayıt altına alınan dini merasimlerde, geçmişe ait uzun seriler halinde saklanan ve ortaya konan isimler, Eski Hitit döneminden İmparatorluk dönemine kadar uzanan bir tarihi alt yapının varlığını sağlamaktadır. Eski Hitit Krallığı, “Geçmişi olmayan Krallık” olarak başlamış, ancak zaman içerisinde Hititler, kendilerinden daha da görkemli bir şekilde anlattıkları uzak geçmişleriyle kendilerini ilişkilendirmişlerdir

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