ARKEOLOJİ MİKROSKOP ALTINDA: TARİHÖNCESİ YERLEŞMELERİN YORUMLANMASINDA ARKEOLOJİK MİKROMORFOLOJİNİN KATKISI

Fen bilimsel yöntemlerin arkeoloji dünyasında kalıcı bir yer edindiği 1960’lardan bu yana mik-roskobik ve ultramikroskobik analizlerin hızla arttığı görülür. Başlangıçta küçük fakat gözle görülebilen maddi kültür ögelerinin, küçük parçaların incelenmesinde kullanılan bu analizlerin sınırları zamanla sedi-manlar, mineraller, mikroorganizmalar gibi mikron ölçeğindeki kalıntı ve hatta izleri de içine alacak şekilde genişlemiştir. Bugün geldiğimiz noktada dönüşen yaklaşımlar ve gelişen teknikler ile geçmiş yaşam daha yüksek çözünürlükte incelenebilmektedir. Arkeolojik mikromorfoloji buna katkı sunmakla kalmayıp mikro bağlamın kurulmasını sağlayan bir yöntem olarak ön plana çıkar. Yöntemin günümüz Türkiye arkeolojisinde özellikle de tarihöncesi araştırmalarında halen yeterince tanınır olmadığı, analizlerin münferit örneklerle sı-nırlı kaldığı görülür. Bu yazıda arkeolojik mikromorfoloji, incelediği kalıntılar ve ilgi alanına giren konuların arkeolojiye sunduğu katkı çerçevesinde ilk kez kapsamlı olarak sunulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda yazı hem Türkçe literatürde arkeolojik mikromorfoloji ile ilgili kuramsal ve terminolojik bir altlık oluşturulmasına hem de arkeolojik mikromorfolojinin Türkiye arkeolojisindeki yerinin sağlamlaştırılmasına katkı sağlamaktadır.

ARCHAEOLOGY UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: THE CONTRIBUTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MICROMORPHOLOGY TO THE INTERPRETATION OF PREHISTORIC SITES

Microscopic and ultramicroscopic analyses had a rapid increase in archaeology since the 1960s with the introduction of the methods of natural sciences. The scope of these analyses, which were originally used in the study of small but visible material culture elements, expanded over time to include micron-scale residues such as sediments, minerals, microorganisms, and even traces. Today, the new ap-proaches and developing techniques allow higher resolution analyses of past life. Archaeologicalmicromorphology, one of the methods used in archaeology, not only contributes to the study of the past in a micron-scale, but also helps reconstructing the micro context out of the field in a laboratory environment. In Turkey -especially in prehistoric archaeology- however, archaeological micromorphology is still not widely practiced and is limited to individual studies. This article is a first comprehensive presentation of archaeological micromorphology to the Turkish audience. It discusses the various remains and topics that are studied and addressed in the scope of archaeological micromorphology. In this regard, this study cont-ributes creating a theoretical and terminological basis for archaeological micromorphology in Turkish litera- ture, and aims to strengthen its place in Turkish archaeology.

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