Öz Particle-size distribution in dispersed sediments, soils, atmospheric dust, and other natural objects is their fundamental characteristic. The methods of sedimentometry (the pipette method) and laser diffraction have been applied to study particle-size distribution in a typical chernozem of Kursk region from the Alekhin Central Chernozemic Reserve. The content of the clay fraction as determined by the method of laser diffraction is three to five times lower than the clay content determined by the traditional pipette method. One of the reasons for such a great difference in the results obtained by two different methods is related to the low density of the solid phase of the particles of soil organic matter that have the size corresponding to the fine and medium silt fractions. Owing to this, they fall into the category of the clay fraction during the traditional sedimentometric analysis. The initially water-stable aggregates of 0.25–0.5 mm are subjected to several stages of their breakdown under the impact of ultrasonic dispersion with the detachment of small particles from their surface layers. The remaining aggregates have different resistance to ultrasonic treatment. After the long-term ultrasonic dispersion, the most stable microaggregates still exist in the soil mass. These microaggregates may only be decomposed to elementary soil particles after the addition of sodium pyrophosphate.