Van Havzası İçerisinde Yer Alan Mera Arazilerinde SMAF Modeli Kullanılarak Toprak Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi

Toprağın karasal ekosistem için çok önemli olan üretkenlik fonksiyonunu sürdürülebilir bir şekilde yerine getirebilmesi, kalitesinin doğru anlaşılması ve izlenmesi ile mümkündür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yarı kurak karasal ekosisteme sahip olan ve Van havzası içerisinde yer alan mera arazilerinde dağılım gösteren toprakların SMAF modeli kullanılarak fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik kalite indeks değerleri ile toplam toprak kalite özelliklerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla, 6024 ha büyüklüğündeki araştırma alanını temsil eden 150 adet yüzey (0-30 cm) toprak örneklemesi yapılmıştır. SMAF modeli toprakların fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik indikatörleri kapsamında; yarayışlı su içeriği, su dolu gözenek hacmi, hacim ağırlığı, agregat stabilitesi, toprak organik karbon içeriği, toprak pH’sı, elektriksel iletkenlik, sodyum adsorpsiyon oranı, bitkiye yarayışlı fosfor ve potasyum, potansiyel mineralize olabilir azot, mikrobiyal biyokütle karbonu ve βeta-Glukosidaz enzim aktivitesi indikatörleri olmak üzere toplam 13 indikatör içermektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında potansiyel mineralize olabilir azot ve βeta-Glukosidaz enzim aktivitesi dışında on bir adet indikatör kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre mera topraklarının kimyasal kalite indeksinin düşük sınıfta, biyolojik kalite indeksinin ise yüksek sınıfta olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fiziksel toprak kalite ve toplam kalite indeks değerlerinin ise orta düzeyde oldukları belirlenmiştir. Özellikle biyolojik kalite indeksi olmak üzere; tüm kalite sınıfları, alan içerisindeki dağılımları bakımından yüksek değişkenlik göstermektedir. Çalışma alanının orta kesimlerinin tüm kalite sınıfları için düşük düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiş olup, bu durumun özellikle eğimin fazla ve erozyonun yüksek olmasından kaynaklandığı belirlenmiştir.

Soil Quality Assessment using SMAF Model in Pasture Land located in Van Basin

It is possible that the soil can sustainably perform the productivity function, which is very important for the terrestrial ecosystem, with the correct understanding and monitoring of its quality. The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution of physical, chemical, biological and total soil quality indexes or pasture soils located in Van Basin which has semi-arid terrestrial ecosystems. For this purpose, 150 soil samples were collected from surface soil (o-30 cm) in the study area which covers about 6024 ha. SMAF models includes 13 indicators such as aggregate stability, available water content, water-filled pore volume, total organic carbon, pH, electrical conductivity, the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), microbial biomass carbon, available phosphorus, βeta-Glukosidaz enzyme activity, potential mineralizable nitrogen and available potassium as physical, chemical and biological indicators. In this present study, 11 indicators were used in SMAF model except for βeta-Glukosidaz enzyme activity, potential mineralizable nitrogen. According to obtained results, it is determined that while the chemical quality index of the meadow soils was in the low class, biological quality of them was found in high quality class. Apart from that, physical and total soil quality indexes were found as moderate quality class. Additionally, the distribution of biological soil quality index shows higher variation in the research area when it is compared with the other quality indexes. It is determined that the middle parts of the research area is in a low class for all quality indexes and the reason of this situation is that the highness of slope and soil erosion.

Keywords:

Soil quality, Pasture soil, SMAF, Van Basin,

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