FOTOPERİYOT VE BESİN ÇEŞİDİNİN Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (DIPTERA: DROSOPHİLADAE) UN GELİŞİM SÜRESİ, ÖMÜR UZUNLUĞU, VERİM VE EŞEY ORANINA ETKİSİ

Fotoperiyot ve doğal besin çeşidinin Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830’un gelişim süresi, ömür uzunluğu, yumurta verimi ve eşey oranına etkileri incelendi. Denemeler 25±2°C sıcaklık ve % 60-70 Nisbi nem içeren laboratuvar şartlarında, kompozisyonları farklı iki doğal besin tipinde, dokuz farklı fotoperiyot rejiminde (0A;24K, 3A;21K, 6A;18K, 9A;15K, 12A;12K, 15A;9K, 18A;6K, 21A;3K, 24A;0K) yapıldı. Denenen besinlerden bir tipi, 100 cc üzüm sirkesi, 20 gr şeker ve 15 gr bira maya karışımından (sıvı besin), ikinci tipi, 74.2 cc su, 13.5 gr pekmez ve 10 gr mısır unundan (katı besin) hazırlandı. Aynı fotoperiyot şartlarında, iki farklı besin tipinde, D. melanogaster’ in yumurtadan ergine kadar olan gelişim süresi önemli derecede farklılık gösterdi. Tüm farklı fotoperiyot şartlarında gelişim sıvı besinde, katı besindekine göre daha hızlı oldu. Her iki besinde, karanlık periyot süresi arttıkça, gelişim süresi kısaldı. Devamlı aydınlık ve karanlıkta sıvı besindeki ergin öncesi gelişim süresi sırasıyla ortalama 10.9 ve 12.9 gün iken, katı besinde aynı şartlarda söz konusu süre, ortalama olarak sırasıyla 19.3 ve 21.3 gün oldu. Her iki besinde, aynı fotoperiyotta erkek ve dişilerin ergin hayat süresi farklı oldu. Genellikle tüm fotoperiyot şartlarında, erkekler dişilerden daha uzun yaşadı. Aydınlık sürenin artması, her iki eşeyde ergin hayat süresini kısalttı. Denenen iki besin tipinde, dişi başına düşen ortalama ergin birey sayısı farklı oldu. Her iki besin tipinde, aydınlık periyodun artması, dişi başına düşen verimi düşürdü. İki besin tipinde, aynı veya farklı fotoperiyot şartlarında, sonraki döldeki dişi yüzdeleri arasında önemli bir fark tespit edilmedi

EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND THE NATURAL FOOD QUALITY ON THE PREADULT DEVELOPMENTAL TIME, ADULT LONGEVITY, FECUNDITY AND SEX-RATIO OF Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830

Effects of photoperiod and the natural food quality on the preadult developmental time, adult longevity, fecundity and sex ratio of D. melanogaster Meigen, 1830 were investigated. Studies were carried out under the laboratory conditions of 25±2°C temperature and 60-70% relative humidity conditions, with two natural food types which have different compositions and with nine different photoperiod regimes ((0L;24D, 3L;21D, 6L;18D, 9L;15D, 12L;12D, 15L;9D, 18L;6D, 21L;3D, 24L;0D). The composition of the first food type( named as fluid food) consisted of grape vineger 100 cc., sugar 20 gr., yeast 15 gr and, composition of the second food one( named as solid food) consisted of water 74.2 cc., molases 13.5 gr., corn flour 10 gr. Under the same photoperiod regime, the developmental time from egg to adult of D. melanogaster showed significant differences at two different food types. Development in the fluid food were faster than the solid one under all different photoperiod regimes. In dark period (short day conditions) caused decrease in the developmental time, in both food conditions. In continues light and dark conditions the average preadult developmental time was 10.9 and 12.9 days in the first food, wheras 19.3 and 21.3 in the second one, respectively. Adult longevities of males and females in each food with the same photoperiod regime were significantly different, generally males were lived longer than females with all photoperiod regimes. Increase in light period decreased adult longevity. The average numbers of adults for each female were different in two different food type. In both food types an increase of the light period decreased the number of average adult induviduals for female. Under the same or the different photoperiod conditions, there were no significant difference between the female ratios in the offspring at two food types.

Keywords:

D. Melanogaster, photoperiod, sex ratio adult longevity, developmental time,

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