ELMALARDA SLENDER SPINDLE VE VERTICAL AXIS TERBİYE SİSTEMLERİNİN ERKEN DÖNEM PERFORMANSI ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Terbiye prensibi yüksek verimin hedeflendiği yerlerde en önemli etmendir ve meyve bahçesinden beklenen erkenci üretim ve yüksek meyve kalitesini doğrudan etkiler. 2008-2009 yılları içerisinde yürütülen çalışmada, GOÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Bahçesi’nde bulunan M9 anacına aşılı Fuji, Jonagold, Granny Smith (Granny S) ve Golden Reinder (Golden R) elma çeşitlerinde farklı terbiye sistemlerinin etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada 2007 yılı Kasım ayında dikilen fidanlara Slender Spindle (Slender S) ve Vertical Axis (Vertical A) terbiye sistemleri uygulandı. Tel-herek kombinasyonu üzerinde geliştirilen ağaçların; vegetatif gelişimi, verim ve meyve kalite performansları 2 yıl süreyle incelendi. İkinci ürün yılında (2009), en yüksek verim değerleri Vertical A terbiye sisteminde ve Golden R çeşidinde saptandı. Aynı yılda, Fuji çeşidi en yüksek gövde kesit alanı (TCA) ve taç hacmi oluşturdu. TCA terbiye sistemleri arasında fark oluşturmazken taç hacmi, Vertical A sisteminde daha yüksekti. Meyve ağırlığı ve kimyasal özellikler yalnızca çeşitler arasında farklılık gösterdi.

EARLY PERFORMANCE OF SLENDER SPINDLE AND VERTICAL AXIS TRAINING SYSTEMS IN APPLES

Training system is the most important factor where high crop yield is expected. It also has direct effect on good quality fruits and early productivity expected from the orchard. In this study that had been carried out during 2008-2009, it was aimed that the effects of different cultivation systems on Fuji, Jonagold, Granny Smith (Granny S) and Golden Reinder (Golden R) apple cultivars grafted on M9 apple rootstock in Horticultural Department of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University would be revealed. Slender Spindle (Slender S.), Vertical Axis (Vertical A) training systems were applied on the trees were planted in 2007 October. The vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality performances of the trees constituted on wire-stake combination system were analyzed during two years. In second yield year (2009), the highest yield values were detected on Vertical A. training system and the Golden R. cultivar. At the same year, Fuji cultivar gave the highest values in trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) and canopy volume. While TCA was the same for both training systems, canopy volume was higher in Vertical Axis system. Fruit mass and chemical properties showed difference only between varieties.

Keywords:

Apple, M9, training system growth, yield and fruit quality,

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