SELMA TURAL HESAPÇIOĞLU, Habibe YEŞİLOVA MERALER, FİLİZ ERCAN

Okullardaki akran zorbalığının ergenlerde depresif belirtiler, benlik saygısı ve özkıyım düşüncesi ile ilişkisi

Amaç: Okullarda eğitim ve öğretim ortamını olumsuz etkilemesiyle gündeme gelen akran zorbalığı bazı psikiyatrik bozukluklarla nedensel veya sonuçsal olarak ilişkili olabilir. Bu araştırmanın amacı liselerde akran zorbalığının öğrencilerde depresif belirtiler, özkıyım düşüncesi ve benlik saygısını nasıl etkilediğinin incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Çalışma, Muş ili merkez ortaöğretim kurumlarında basit rastgele örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiş öğrencilere Akran Zorbalığı Anketi, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği, Coopersmith Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği uygulanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçekleri tam olarak dolduran 1173 öğrenciden elde edilen verilerle analizler yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Zorbalığa uğrayanların uğramayanlara göre, zorbalık yapanların yapmayanlara göre ve bir şekilde zorbalık döngüsüne girenlerin girmeyenlere göre depresif belirtileri daha fazla, benlik saygıları daha düşük, özkıyım düşünceleri daha fazladır. Zorbalığa uğramak, özkıyım düşüncesi riskini %45 artırırken, zorbalıkta bulunmak riski %66.3 artırmaktadır. Yaş, kız cinsiyet, düşük benlik saygısı, zorbalığa uğrama ve zorbalık yapma, depresif belirti puanını artıran etkenlerdir. Tartışma: Zorbalık döngüsüne girmeyen bireylerde depresif belirtilerin, özkıyım düşüncesinin azlığı ve benlik saygısının yüksekliği ruh sağlığı iyi olan bireylerin sorun çözmede zorbalığı kullanmadıklarını göstermektedir. Nedensellik ilişkisi kurulamasa da, zorbalık yapma, zorbalık kurbanı olma, zorbalık döngüsüne girme ile depresyonun, özkıyım düşüncesinin yaygınlığı ve düşük benlik saygısı da bu öğrencilerde yetersiz bir ruhsal sağlık durumunun göstergesi olabilir. Bu çalışma hem zorba olma, hem de kurban olma ile psikiyatrik bozukluklar arasında ilişki olabileceğini göstermiştir.

Bullying in schools and its relation with depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and suicidal ideation in adolescents

Objective: Bullying, which has negative effects on teaching and learning environment in schools, may be associated with some psychiatric disorders causatively or consequentially. The purpose of this study was to examine the suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem in high school students with respect to their involvement in the cycle of bullying. Methods: The study was conducted in students of five secondary schools in a city in Turkey, who were selected with simple random sampling method. Peer Bullying Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Scale were applied. Results: The data obtained from students in 1173, which were fully completed, were analyzed. Bullying victims, bullies, and people in the bullying cycle have higher depressive symptoms, lower self-esteem, and higher suicide tendencies than non-victims, non-bullies and people not involved in the bullying cycle, respectively. Being bullied increases the suicide ideation risk with an odds ratio of 1.447 and bullying increases the suicide ideation risk with an odds ratio of 1.663. Age, female sex, low self-esteem, victimization, and bullying are factors that increase the score of depressive symptoms. Discussion: The individuals who are not involved in the bullying cycle have a lower rate of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, and a higher selfesteem. Although no causal connection can be established, the bullying, being a victim of bullying and involvement in the cycle of bullying are all associated with depression, suicidal ideation, and low self-esteem, which may indicate an impaired mental health status of these students. Therefore, this study reveals that there is a possible relationship between psychiatric disorders, suicidal ideation and bullying behavior.

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