Çocuk ve ergenlerde majör depresif bozukluk: Bir gözden geçirme

Çocuk ve ergenlerde görülen majör depresif bozukluk (MDB) çocukların ve ailelerinin yaşantılarını, sosyal, akademik ve ailesel işlevlerini olumsuz etkileyen, ciddi bir psikiyatrik bozukluktur. Yetmişli yıllarda çocuklarda depresyon görülebileceği bilimsel olarak kanıtlandığından beri, çocukluk çağı MDB’un belirtileri ile erişkin dönemi MDB’un belirtilerinin benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları tartışılmaktadır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda çocukluk çağı depresyonunun erken tanınmasının bireyi olası psikopatolojilerden koruyacağından söz edilmektedir. Erken tanı ve tedavi için çocuklarda MDB belirtilerinin ve gelişim dönemlerine özgü farklılıkların iyi tanınması önemlidir. Bu gözden geçirme yazısında çocuk ve ergenlerde görülen MDB’un epidemiyolojisi, etiyolojisi, klinik özellikleri, gelişim dönemlerine özgü farklılıkları, klinik seyri, komorbidite ve ayırıcı tanısının tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Epidemiyoloji, Eş tanı, Tanı, ayırıcı, Risk faktörleri, Ergen, Çocuk, Depresif bozukluk, majör

Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: A review

Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents is a serious psychiatric disorder that unfavorably affects both children and their families’ social, academic and family functions. Since 1970s when it was scientifically proved that depression could exist in children, the similarities and differences between symptoms of pediatric and adult depression have been discussed. Recent studies argued that the early recognition of pediatric depression is protective for later psychopathology. For early diagnosis and intervention, to recognize the symptoms of pediatric major depressive disorder and differences specific to developmental stages is important. The aim of this review is to discuss the epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, and differences specific to developmental stages, course, comorbidity and differential diagnosis of pediatric major depressive disorder.

Keywords:

Epidemiology, Comorbidity, Diagnosis, Differential, Risk Factors, Adolescent, Child, Depressive Disorder, Major,

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