Murat GÜLSÜM, Barbaros ÖZDEMİR, Cemil ÇELİK, ÖZCAN UZUN, Aytekin ÖZŞAHİN

Çatışma deneyimi yaşamış askerler arasında dissosiyatif yaşantılar

Amaç: Travmatik deneyimler dissosiyatif fenomenlerin ortaya çıkmasında nedensel bir etkiye sahip olabilir. Çatışma deneyimi olmuş askerlerde dissosiyatif yaşantıları ortaya koyan az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı çatışmaya maruz kalan, psikiyatrik tanı almamış askerler arasında dissosiyatif yaşantıları araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Çalışma, çatışma deneyimi yaşamış (s=84) ve yaşamamış (s=90) olan, zorunlu askerlik görevini sürdüren toplam 174 erkek olgu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bilinen bedensel hastalığı olan veya DSM-IV ölçütlerine göre Eksen I tanısı konan olgular çalışma dışında bırakılmıştır. Dissosiyatif deneyimler Dissosiyatif Yaşantılar Ölçeği (DES) ile taranmıştır. Çatışmanın özellikleri (çatışmanın üzerinden geçen süre ve sıklığı) Çatışmaya Maruz Kalma Ölçeği (CES) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Yaş, eğitim, çatışma sayısı ve çatışmanın üzerinden geçen sürenin dissosiyatif yaşantılar üzerindeki etkisine regresyon analizi yapılarak bakılmıştır. Bulgular: Çatışma yaşamamış olgulara göre, çatışma deneyimi yaşamış askerler arasında DES puanlarının anlamlı olarak yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Travmatik grupta, ortalama DES puanları ile maruz kalınan travmatik olay sayısı arasında pozitif, travma üzerinden geçen süre arasında ise ters bir bağıntı olduğu saptanmıştır. Regresyon analizinde, DES puanlarının travmatik deneyim sayısı ve yaş ile bağlantılı olduğu, ancak eğitim düzeyi ile ilişkisiz olduğu bulunmuştur. Tartışma: Çatışma deneyimi olan askerler arasında dissosiyatif yaşantıların göreceli olarak yaygın olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bulgu, yüksek DES puanları ile travma yaşantısı arasında güçlü bir bağlantı olduğu düşüncesini desteklemektedir.

Dissociative experiences among soldiers who exposed combat trauma

Objectives: The traumatic experiences may have a triggering role on dissociative phenomena. There are few published studies of dissociative experiences among military personnel who experienced terrorist attacks. The purpose of this study was to investigate dissociative experiences in nonclinical soldiers who exposed combat trauma. Methods: The total sample included 174 male soldiers who had combat trauma (n=84) and who did not have any combat trauma (n=90). Soldiers were excluded if they had any medical diseases or DSM-IV Axis I psychiatric disorders. Dissociative experiences were assessed by the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). Severity of combat exposure was measured using the Combat Exposure Scale (CES). Multiple regression analysis has used to examine the effects of age, education, severity of combat exposure, number of combat, andtime elapsed since recent combat together on dissociative experiences. Results: Results indicated that traumatic group had elevated scores on Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) compared to the non-traumatic group. In traumatic group, DES scores were positively correlated with the number of combat trauma, and were inversely correlated with time elapsed since recent combat trauma. In multiple regression analysis, DES scores were significantly correlated with number of trauma, time elapsed since recent trauma, and age, but not education. Discussion: Dissociative experiences are relatively common among military personnel who exposed to terrorist attacks. Our findings replicated that there was a strong connection between DES scores and experiencing trauma.

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