Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği, Endişe ile İlgili Olumlu İnançlar Ölçeği ve Endişenin Sonuçları Ölçeği'nin Türkçeye uyarlanması, geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği

Amaç: Bu çalışmada bireylerin belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüklerini, endişe ile ilgili olumlu inançlarını, endişe ile olumlu ve olumsuz değerlendirmelerini ölçen üç farklı ölçeğin Türkçeye uyarlanması ve normallerden oluşan bir örneklemde psikometrik özelliklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemi Hacettepe Üniversitesi’nin çeşitli bölümlerinde öğrenim gören 441 öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Veri toplamak amacıyla Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği (BTÖ), Endişe ile İlgili Olumlu İnançlar Ölçeği (EOİÖ), Endişenin Sonuçları Ölçeği (ESÖ) ve Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri (SKE) kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Analiz sonuçlarında BTÖ, EOİÖ ve ESÖ’nin tüm ve alt ölçek olarak iç tutarlıklarının tatmin edici düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. BTÖ’ne uygulanan faktör analizinde dört faktör elde edilmiştir: ‘belirsizlik stres verici ve üzücüdür’, ‘belirsizlik ile ilgili olumsuz benlik değerlendirmeleri’, ‘geleceği bilmemek rahatsız edicidir’ ve ‘belirsizlik eyleme geçmeyi engeller’. EOİÖ’ne uygulanan faktör analizinde ‘endişelenmek problem çözmeye yardımcı olur ve motivasyon kaynağıdır’, ‘endişelenmek tehlikeli ve olumsuz sonuçları engeller’, ‘endişelenmek olumsuz duygulara karşı korur’ şeklinde adlandırılan üç faktöre ulaşılmıştır. ESÖ’nin ‘endişe ile ilgili olumsuz değerlendirmeler’ ve ‘endişe ile ilgili olumlu değerlendirmeler’ şeklinde iki faktörünün olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç: BTÖ, EOİÖ ve ESÖ’nin Türk kültüründe normallerden oluşan örneklemlerde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir ölçekler olduğu, ancak elde edilen bulguların klinik örneklemleri de kapsayan yeni çalışmalarla desteklenmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

Problem solving style,hopelessness,helplesness and haplessness and haplessness as the predictors of psychopathology assessed by MMPI-2

Objective: The aim of the study was to adapt three different scales to Turkish population which were measuring intolerance to uncertainty, assessing positive beliefs about worry and positive and negative appraisals about worry. Methods: The sample consisted of 441 students from various departments of the Hacettepe University. Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), Why Worry-II Scale (WW-II), Consequences of Worrying Scale (COWS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Anxiety Form (TAI) was used to collect data. Results: Findings revealed that internal consistencies of IUS, WW-II, COWS and their subscales were satisfactory. The factor analysis of IUS revealed a four factor solution: ‘uncertainty is stressful and upsetting’, ‘negative self-assessment about uncertainty’, ‘disturbing thoughts about the uncertainty of future’, ‘uncertainty keeps someone from acting’. The factor analysis of WW-II revealed a three factor solution: ‘worrying helps problem solving and is a source of motivation’, ‘worrying prevents dangerous and negative consequences’, ‘worrying protects against negative emotions’. The factor analysis of COWS revealed a two factor solution: ‘negative appraisal about worry’ and ‘positive appraisal about worry’. Conclusion: It is concluded that Turkish versions of the IUS, WW-II, and COWS were reliable and valid instruments that can be used in normal Turkish samples; however the results should be supported in further studies that include clinical samples.

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