Bitki gelişimini uyaran kök bakterilerinin genel özellikleri ve etkileri

Bitkilerin rhizosferi yoğun mikrobiyal etkinliğin olduğu bir bölgedir ve bu bölgedeki bazı bakteriler kök bakterileri olarak adlandırılır. Bitki gelişimi üzerinde yararlı etki gösteren kök bakterileri bitki gelişimini uyaran kök bakterileri olarak adlandırılır (PGPR). Bu bakteriler bitki gelişimini ya patojen organizmaların bazı zararlı etkilerini önleyerek dolaylı ya da bakteri tarafından üretilen veya çevreden besinlerin alımını kolaylaştıran bir bileşiği bitkiye sağlayarak direkt olarak etkileyebilirler. Bitki gelişiminin uyarılmasının direkt mekanizması atmosfer azotunun tespitini, siderofor üretimini, auxin, sitokinin giberellin gibi bitki hormonlarının üretimim, fosfor gibi minerallerin çözünürlüliiğünü ve enzimlerin sentezim içerir. Son yıllarda bakteri tarafından gelişimin uyarılması ile biyolojik savaşın kesin olarak birbirinden ayırt edilemediği görülmektedir. Gelişimin uyarılması ve biyolojik savaş bir metal paranın iki yüzü gibi düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

biyolojik kontrol, kök bakterileri, Rhizobium, bitki gelişimi, biyolojik kontrol ajanları

Common properties and effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

The rhizosphere of plants is a zone of intense microbial activity, and some bacteria from this zone, termed rhizobacleria. Rhizobacteria that exert beneficial effects on plant development are referred to as plant growth- promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria can affect plant growth either indirectly by preventing some of the deleterious effects of a phytopathogenic organism, or directly by providing the plant with a compound that is synthesized by the bacterium or facilitating the uptake of nutrients from the environment. Direct mechanisms of plant growth promotion include: fixing atmospheric nitrogen: producing siderophores: synthesizing phytohormones, including auxins, cylokinins, and gibberelins; solubilizing minerals such as phosphorus: and synthesizing enzymes. In recent years, it has become apparent that there is no clear separation of growth promotion and biological control induced by bacterial inoculants. Growth promotion and biological control properties of a certain bacterium should be thought of as two sides of the same coin.

Keywords:

biological control, rhizosphere bacteria, Rhizobium, plant development, biological control agents,

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